Article(id=1241046466182050129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818135066, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1755878400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818135066, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818135066, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818135066, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=125, endPage=132, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046469441024399, articleId=1241046466182050129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study of Explosive Welding Stainless of Steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti/Cast Steel 20Mn, columnId=1241046467696193882, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=SPECIAL BLASTING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti and cast steel 20Mn explosive welding composite plates can be used to build bridges in high alpine areas. Two groups of different welding parameters were used to investigate the weld interface characteristics of stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti and cast steel 20Mn. The explosive thickness was 30 mm, the detonation velocity was 2300 m/s, and the stand-off distances were 4 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The morphology of the weld interface was studied using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the samples were submitted to tensile and flexural testing and hardness tests. Furthermore, the fracture morphology of the weld material was studied using a scanning electron microscope. In the interfacial morphology examination, the sample with a 10 mm stand-off distance had a thicker melting layer than the sample with a 4 mm stand-off distance. The melting layer thickens as the contact corrugation increases. Corrosion was observed on the cast steel 20Mn side of the weld interface enriched with austenite. The 4 mm stand-off samples did not exhibit apparent twins, whereas the 10 mm ones did. The 10 mm stand-off samples had higher interfacial deposition energy and strain rate, making twins more likely to occur. Tensile test findings indicated that all fracture separations occurred on the cast steel's 20Mn side. The shear strength of sample 1 ranged from 383.6 to 394.1 MPa, while that of sample 2 ranged from 394.3 to 408.4 MPa, showing binding strength across the interface greater than that of 20Mn. Both 10mm and 4 mm stand-off samples exhibited ductile fracture. In the 90 bending test, the welded interface shows no delamination or cracks, indicating outstanding bending performance. The hardness test results indicate that the hardness of cast steel 20Mn and stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti after explosive welding are higher than that of the corresponding raw materials. Approaching the weld interface, the hardness increases noticeably. The maximum hardness for samples with a 4 mm stand-off is 413.2 HV, while for samples with a 10 mm stand-off, it is 407.9 HV. Work hardening is more pronounced on the 20Mn side of the sample with a 10 mm stand-off. The effect of hardening is much more noticeable. The fractures of the samples with 4 mm and 10 mm stand-offs display a river-like form in the fracture morphology study.

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CHEN Xiang (1990-), male, born in Huainan city, Anhui province, Ph. D, associate professor, mainly engaged in explosion and impact dynamics effects, explosion processing theory and applications, (E-mail) .
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不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn爆炸焊接复合板可用于高寒地区桥梁建造,为探究不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn其焊接界面特征,使用两组不同焊接参数焊接不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析焊接界面形态;对样品进行拉伸、弯曲试验以及硬度测试;利用扫描电镜对焊接材料的断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:在界面形态分析中,间隙10 mm的样品熔化层厚度大于间隙4 mm的样品熔化层。界面波纹越大,熔化层越厚。腐蚀铸钢20Mn一侧均观察到焊接界面富集奥氏体,间隙为4 mm的样品未观察到明显孪晶,间隙为10 mm的样品中观察到孪晶。拉伸试验结果表明:界面结合强度大于20Mn强度,间隙4 mm和间隙10 mm的样品均呈韧性断裂。在90°弯曲试验中,焊接界面均未出现分层和裂纹,表现出优异的抗弯性能。在硬度测试中,不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti和铸钢20Mn经过爆炸焊接后硬度分别大于各自的原材料硬度,越靠近焊接界面,硬度有着显著的提升,20Mn对加工硬化更加敏感,硬化效果就更加明显。在断口形貌分析中,间隙4 mm和间隙10 mm的样品断口均呈河流状。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈翔(1990-),男,安徽省淮南市,博士、副教授,从事爆炸与冲击动力学效应、爆炸加工理论及应用方向的研究,(E-mail)
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朱桂春(2000-),男,安徽省马鞍山市,在读硕士研究生,从事爆炸加工方向的研究,(E-mail)

ZHU Gui-chun (2000-), male, born in Maanshan city, Anhui province, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosive technology, (E-mail) .

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朱桂春(2000-),男,安徽省马鞍山市,在读硕士研究生,从事爆炸加工方向的研究,(E-mail)

ZHU Gui-chun (2000-), male, born in Maanshan city, Anhui province, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosive technology, (E-mail) .

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朱桂春(2000-),男,安徽省马鞍山市,在读硕士研究生,从事爆炸加工方向的研究,(E-mail)

ZHU Gui-chun (2000-), male, born in Maanshan city, Anhui province, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosive technology, (E-mail) .

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Metals, 2020, 10(7): 969., articleTitle=Structural properties of interfacial layers in tantalum to stainless steel clad with copper interlayer produced by explosive welding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057560913047890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=64, issue=null, pageStart=265, pageEnd=275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=47, authorNames=ZHAO Hui, SHENG Li-yuan, journalName=Journal of Manufacturing Processes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Hui, SHENG Li-yuan. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ag/316L composite plate fabricated by explosive welding[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021, 64: 265-275., articleTitle=Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ag/316L composite plate fabricated by explosive welding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057561013711190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=48, authorNames=陈松, 李晓杰, journalName=爆破, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈松, 李晓杰. 异种金属爆炸焊接的研究与发展[J]. 爆破, 2023, 40(2): 144-152., articleTitle=异种金属爆炸焊接的研究与发展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057561139540313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=144, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=49, authorNames=CHEN Song, LI Xiao-jie, journalName=Blasting, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Song, LI Xiao-jie. Research and development of dissimilar metal explosion welding[J]. Blasting, 2023, 40(2): 144-152. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research and development of dissimilar metal explosion welding, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057561244397915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=50, authorNames=MENDES R, RIBEIRO J B, LOUREIRO A, journalName=Materials & Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENDES R, RIBEIRO J B, LOUREIRO A. Effect of explosive characteristics on the explosive welding of stainless steel to carbon steel in cylindrical configuration[J]. 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language=CN, label=图10, caption=界面显微硬度分布, figureFileSmall=dN+gfIAdKfBeypHkV3pfvQ==, figureFileBig=qJZauSeI0yl62s21Yt1aUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550649585734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Explosive welding parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品材料厚度/mm炸药厚度/mm间隙/mm焊接结果
106Cr18Ni11Ti+20Mn(4 mm+100 mm)304焊接成功
206Cr18Ni11Ti+20Mn(4 mm+100 mm)3010焊接成功
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550758637644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

爆炸焊接参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品材料厚度/mm炸药厚度/mm间隙/mm焊接结果
106Cr18Ni11Ti+20Mn(4 mm+100 mm)304焊接成功
206Cr18Ni11Ti+20Mn(4 mm+100 mm)3010焊接成功
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550829940821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calculated flyer plate velocity VP,collision angle β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品爆速/(m·s-1)
VD
多方指数K爆炸比r碰撞角β碰撞速度/(m·s-1)
VP
123001.750.8610.70428.90
223001.750.8613.00520.73
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550930604123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

计算飞板速度VP,碰撞角β

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品爆速/(m·s-1)
VD
多方指数K爆炸比r碰撞角β碰撞速度/(m·s-1)
VP
123001.750.8610.70428.90
223001.750.8613.00520.73
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551056433252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Tensile shear test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品1-11-21-32-12-22-3
最大抗剪强度/MPa394.1383.6386.0408.4396.3394.3
裂缝主要位置20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551161290859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046466182050129, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

拉伸剪切试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品1-11-21-32-12-22-3
最大抗剪强度/MPa394.1383.6386.0408.4396.3394.3
裂缝主要位置20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn20Mn
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不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn的爆炸焊接研究
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朱桂春 1, 2 , 刘中枢 1, 2 , 梁国峰 1, 2 , 黄佳雯 1, 2 , 周大鹏 3 , 陈翔 1, 2
爆破 | 特种爆破 2025,42(1): 125-132
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爆破 | 特种爆破 2025, 42(1): 125-132
不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn的爆炸焊接研究
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朱桂春1, 2 , 刘中枢1, 2, 梁国峰1, 2, 黄佳雯1, 2, 周大鹏3, 陈翔1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 2.湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉 430056
  • 3.中煤科工集团 淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司,淮北 235000
  • 朱桂春(2000-),男,安徽省马鞍山市,在读硕士研究生,从事爆炸加工方向的研究,(E-mail)

    ZHU Gui-chun (2000-), male, born in Maanshan city, Anhui province, master candidate, mainly engaged in explosive technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

陈翔(1990-),男,安徽省淮南市,博士、副教授,从事爆炸与冲击动力学效应、爆炸加工理论及应用方向的研究,(E-mail)
Study of Explosive Welding Stainless of Steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti/Cast Steel 20Mn
Gui-chun ZHU1, 2 , Zhong-shu LIU1, 2, Guo-feng LIANG1, 2, Jia-wen HUANG1, 2, Da-peng ZHOU3, Xiang CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Fine Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2.Hubei (Wuhan) Institute of Explosive and Blasting Technology, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 3.CCTEG Huaibei Blasting Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Huaibei 235000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-23 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.015
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不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn爆炸焊接复合板可用于高寒地区桥梁建造,为探究不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn其焊接界面特征,使用两组不同焊接参数焊接不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析焊接界面形态;对样品进行拉伸、弯曲试验以及硬度测试;利用扫描电镜对焊接材料的断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:在界面形态分析中,间隙10 mm的样品熔化层厚度大于间隙4 mm的样品熔化层。界面波纹越大,熔化层越厚。腐蚀铸钢20Mn一侧均观察到焊接界面富集奥氏体,间隙为4 mm的样品未观察到明显孪晶,间隙为10 mm的样品中观察到孪晶。拉伸试验结果表明:界面结合强度大于20Mn强度,间隙4 mm和间隙10 mm的样品均呈韧性断裂。在90°弯曲试验中,焊接界面均未出现分层和裂纹,表现出优异的抗弯性能。在硬度测试中,不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti和铸钢20Mn经过爆炸焊接后硬度分别大于各自的原材料硬度,越靠近焊接界面,硬度有着显著的提升,20Mn对加工硬化更加敏感,硬化效果就更加明显。在断口形貌分析中,间隙4 mm和间隙10 mm的样品断口均呈河流状。

爆炸焊接  /  界面形态分析  /  力学性能测试  /  晶粒腐蚀  /  断口分析  /  孪晶

Stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti and cast steel 20Mn explosive welding composite plates can be used to build bridges in high alpine areas. Two groups of different welding parameters were used to investigate the weld interface characteristics of stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti and cast steel 20Mn. The explosive thickness was 30 mm, the detonation velocity was 2300 m/s, and the stand-off distances were 4 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The morphology of the weld interface was studied using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the samples were submitted to tensile and flexural testing and hardness tests. Furthermore, the fracture morphology of the weld material was studied using a scanning electron microscope. In the interfacial morphology examination, the sample with a 10 mm stand-off distance had a thicker melting layer than the sample with a 4 mm stand-off distance. The melting layer thickens as the contact corrugation increases. Corrosion was observed on the cast steel 20Mn side of the weld interface enriched with austenite. The 4 mm stand-off samples did not exhibit apparent twins, whereas the 10 mm ones did. The 10 mm stand-off samples had higher interfacial deposition energy and strain rate, making twins more likely to occur. Tensile test findings indicated that all fracture separations occurred on the cast steel's 20Mn side. The shear strength of sample 1 ranged from 383.6 to 394.1 MPa, while that of sample 2 ranged from 394.3 to 408.4 MPa, showing binding strength across the interface greater than that of 20Mn. Both 10mm and 4 mm stand-off samples exhibited ductile fracture. In the 90 bending test, the welded interface shows no delamination or cracks, indicating outstanding bending performance. The hardness test results indicate that the hardness of cast steel 20Mn and stainless steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti after explosive welding are higher than that of the corresponding raw materials. Approaching the weld interface, the hardness increases noticeably. The maximum hardness for samples with a 4 mm stand-off is 413.2 HV, while for samples with a 10 mm stand-off, it is 407.9 HV. Work hardening is more pronounced on the 20Mn side of the sample with a 10 mm stand-off. The effect of hardening is much more noticeable. The fractures of the samples with 4 mm and 10 mm stand-offs display a river-like form in the fracture morphology study.

explosive welding  /  interface morphology analysis  /  mechanical property testing  /  grain corrosion  /  fracture analysis  /  twins
朱桂春, 刘中枢, 梁国峰, 黄佳雯, 周大鹏, 陈翔. 不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti与铸钢20Mn的爆炸焊接研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.015
Gui-chun ZHU, Zhong-shu LIU, Guo-feng LIANG, Jia-wen HUANG, Da-peng ZHOU, Xiang CHEN. Study of Explosive Welding Stainless of Steel 06Cr18Ni11Ti/Cast Steel 20Mn[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 125 -132 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.015
06Cr18Ni11Ti是一种奥氏体不锈钢,其因优异的耐腐蚀性、成形性和焊接性而闻名,同时具备良好的机械性能[1]。06Cr18Ni11Ti广泛应用于化工设备、食品加工、医疗器械、建筑装饰等领域。铸钢20Mn是一种常用的低合金铸钢材料,锰含量较高,具有良好的机械性能[2],通常用于制造承受冲击和磨损的部件[3]。其主要应用在矿山机械、汽车工业、建筑行业和农业机械等领域。大面积06Cr18Ni11Ti与20Mn复合板可用于高寒地区桥梁建造,由于铸钢20Mn,焊接性能一般,常规焊接方法焊接的06Cr18Ni11Ti与20Mn复合板只靠周围的焊缝连接,在焊缝处易发生复合板与基材脱离的问题。
爆炸焊接作为一种高速冲击焊接技术[4-6],利用由爆炸产生的冲击加载效应,使待焊接的金属材料间产生高速斜碰撞,来实现同种或异种金属间的结合。这种工艺具有材料兼容性好、无需外部热源、焊接速度快、接头质量高等优点,使其在工业领域中得到广泛应用。爆炸焊接06Cr18Ni11Ti与20Mn复合板服役寿命长,避免后期的修补,但由于铸钢20Mn材料在制造过程中原有的缺陷(如孔洞),在爆炸焊接过程可能诱发产生裂纹[78]。为探究06Cr18Ni11Ti与20Mn爆炸焊接界面的微观结构和力学性能,利用光学电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析爆炸焊接界面微观组织分布。通过拉伸、弯曲试验评估爆炸焊接样品的拉伸性能和抗弯性能,并利用维氏硬度计对样品界面附近硬度分布情况进行检测。
采用06Cr18Ni11Ti不锈钢和20Mn铸钢进行实验,06Cr18Ni11Ti不锈钢尺寸为200 mm× 100 mm×4 mm(长×宽×高),20Mn铸钢尺寸为200 mm× 100 mm×100 mm(长×宽×高)。
图1为爆炸焊接示意图,爆炸焊接前对06Cr18Ni11Ti不锈钢和20Mn铸钢的待焊接面打磨抛光,飞板与基板平行放置,将基板放置于砧座上,炸药平铺于飞板顶部的炸药盒内,雷管置于飞板短边侧中部[9]β为飞板与基板的碰撞角,间隙是飞板与基板之间的距离。实验中使用的炸药为粉状乳化炸药+添加物,密度约为800 kg/m3,爆速为2300 m/s,炸药厚度为30 mm,实验前通过计算,确定药量。且通过实验结果可以看出焊接界面呈现平直状和微波状,说明药量选择在合理范围内,具体爆炸焊接参数见表1
实验中,飞板速度(VP)和碰撞角(β)是计算爆炸焊接参数的重要因素。这种关系可以用下面的公式表示[10]
式中,VD为炸药的爆速。碰撞角β可参考《爆破手册》第828页的公式计算[11]
K为炸药的多方指数。对于常用的铵油炸药K值,可以根据炸药的爆速D(m/s)简单估算[11]
相关参数及计算结果如表2
利用光学显微镜对爆炸焊接后样品进行形貌分析,如图2所示。样品1界面呈平直状,样品2界面呈波浪状,间隙越大,碰撞角和碰撞速度越大,可能是由于样品1的碰撞角和碰撞速度都小于样品2[12-19]。由图2可知,铸钢20Mn区域出现孔洞,铸钢在铸造过程中孔洞的出现是不可避免的,样品1和样品2的孔洞均没有在冲击载荷下产生裂纹和变形。
对爆炸焊接复合板的20Mn区域进行腐蚀。图3观察到的白色网状相代表着渗碳体,暗黑色是珠光体,黄色是奥氏体,奥氏体晶粒在焊接界面富集。样品1未明显出现孪晶。由图3(b)可知样品2在远离焊接界面处发现孪晶,在参考文献[20]中观察到类似现象。爆炸复合板存在强大的外界作用力,奥氏体晶粒在外力作用力下容易以孪生方式形成孪晶[2122]。因此,在外界作用力和高温的共同作用下,晶粒内产生孪晶。由于样品2焊接界面沉积能量大于样品1,即样品2的应变速率大于样品1,应变速率的增加更容易诱导孪晶的产生[23]
图4是用扫描电镜观察到的焊接界面图像,更进一步观察界面中熔化层的形貌特征。在爆炸焊接过程中,由于板的撞击,导致焊接界面压力增加,造成金属塑性流动以及金属间的摩擦,使得焊接界面的温度迅速上升,导致焊接界面的局部区域形成熔化层[24]。样品2的熔化层相对于样品1厚,波状界面明显的地方,熔化层越厚。
图5为样品1和样品2的线扫结果,显示了在界面过渡区域的化学成分变化特性,样品1和样品2均在熔化层中Fe元素的含量急速增加,其中在熔化层中样品1和样品2的Cr元素和Ni元素含量减少。
对06Cr18Ni11Ti/20Mn复合板进行拉伸剪切测试,以评估复合板的焊接结合强度[2526]。拉剪试件结合面积为10 mm×5 mm,试验机的加载速度为1 mm/min。由表3可知样品1的抗剪强度为383.6~394.1 MPa,样品2的抗剪强度为394.3~408.4 MPa。从图6(c)观察到样品断裂均在20Mn一侧,说明界面结合强度高于20Mn。此外,在样品1-2中还发现06Cr18Ni11Ti/20Mn界面出现裂缝,样品2-2中焊接界面完好。图6(d)拉伸剪切强度曲线中可以看到断裂过程中有平台期的出现,说明样品呈现韧性断裂。
不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti/铸钢20Mn的断口都发生在20Mn一侧,在扫描电镜下观察了20Mn的断口形貌。如图7所示,样品1和样品2断口均呈河流状,河流状花样是由于裂纹沿着不同方向的晶面扩展而形成的一种曲折变化的花样,也是呈现解理特征[27-29]
弯曲试验也是评估爆炸复合板结合质量的一个重要因素,试验采用三点弯曲试验验证样品是否能够承受90°弯曲[30-32]。弯曲试样的样品尺寸为100 mm×10 mm×6 mm(长×宽×高),试验条件为:加载速率1 mm/min,加载载荷10 kN,实验跨距为50 mm,分别对复合材料的不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti侧和铸钢20Mn侧进行弯曲。由图9可知,在对复合材料分别进行不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti侧弯曲和铸钢20Mn侧弯曲时,焊接界面均完好,没有出现明显的分离或开裂现象。由弯曲曲线可以发现铸钢20Mn侧弯曲时的弯曲强度大于不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti侧弯曲,且都能承受90°弯曲,说明不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti/铸钢20Mn具有良好的塑性,弯曲性能良好。
界面显微硬度分布如图10所示,实验采用200 N的负载测量硬度。样品1和样品2均测试30个点,样品1和样品2中06Cr18Ni11Ti侧第一个测点到界面的距离为40 μm,随后测量间距200 μm;20Mn侧第一个测点到界面的距离为50 μm,随后测量间距为250 μm。不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti和铸钢20Mn经过爆炸焊接后硬度分别大于各自的原材料硬度,越靠近焊接界面,硬度有着显著的提升,这是由于爆炸焊接引起的加工硬化所导致的硬度提升[33]。样品2在20Mn一侧最大硬度达到355 HV,远大于样品1在20Mn一侧的最大硬度(268 HV)。样品2的塑性变形大于样品1。在图3中也观察到样品2中20Mn一侧的晶粒细化更为显著,且20Mn对加工硬化更加敏感,硬化效果就更加明显。
研究通过爆炸焊接技术成功获得了不锈钢06Cr18Ni11Ti/铸钢20Mn合金复合板,分别采取了两组不同的焊接参数进行爆炸焊接,通过对界面组织演变观察、力学性能测试及断口形貌分析得出以下结论:
1)在界面形态分析中,间隙10 mm的样品熔化层厚度大于间隙为4 mm的样品熔化层。界面波纹越大,熔化层越厚。铸钢20Mn一侧孔洞没有在冲击载荷下产生裂纹。腐蚀铸钢20Mn一侧观察到焊接界面富集奥氏体,间隙为4 mm的样品未观察到明显孪晶,间隙为10 mm的样品中观察到孪晶。由于间隙10 mm的所产生的界面沉积能量大于间隙4 mm的,即间隙10 mm的样品应变速率大于间隙4 mm的样品,应变速率的增加更容易诱导孪晶的产生。
2)在拉伸剪切试验中,断裂分离均发生在铸钢20Mn侧,界面的结合强度优于母材的强度,对拉伸断口进行分析,断口均呈河流状。样品1的抗剪强度为383.6~394.1 MPa,样品2的抗剪强度为394.3~408.4 MPa。在90°弯曲试验中,均未出现分层与裂纹。在维氏硬度试验中,样品在爆炸焊接后都发生了加工硬化导致界面硬度都高于母材,间隙为4 mm的样品最大硬度为413.2 HV,间隙为10 mm的样品最大硬度为407.9 HV,间隙为10 mm的样品20Mn一侧对加工硬化更为敏感。
  • 国家自然科学基金(12302436)
  • 安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022a05020021)
  • 中煤科工集团重庆研究院自立科研开发项目(2023YBXM58)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.015
  • 接收时间:2024-06-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-23
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12302436)
国家自然科学基金(12302436)
Anhui Province Key Research and Development Program Project(2022a05020021)
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022a05020021)
Self-supporting Scientific Research and Development Project of Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Science and Industry Group(2023YBXM58)
中煤科工集团重庆研究院自立科研开发项目(2023YBXM58)
作者信息
    1.江汉大学 省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉 430056
    2.湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉 430056
    3.中煤科工集团 淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司,淮北 235000

通讯作者:

陈翔(1990-),男,安徽省淮南市,博士、副教授,从事爆炸与冲击动力学效应、爆炸加工理论及应用方向的研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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