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Article(id=1241046465666142957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711555200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818134943, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818134943, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818134942, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818134942, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=97, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046469025780509, articleId=1241046465666142957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Design and Simulation of Tunnel Adjacent to Bridge Piles, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the construction of Shikui Road Station to Labor Park Station of Dalian Metro Line 5 as the background, a delicate blasting design was used to control the influence of interval tunnel construction on adjacent buildings. In order to prevent the risk of settlement of adjacent bridge piles, a deep hole pre-reinforcement method of non-shrinkage double-liquid grouting (WSS) was used on the tunnel face. The blasting parameters of the tunnel face were optimized, and a detailed blasting design was given by combining with the step sequence of the tunnel construction method (step method and CRD method). The right line utilized the step method, while the left employed the CRD method. The upper bench of the step method and the upper left chamber 1 of the CRD method were blasted twice: initial cutting blasting to create an empty surface followed by secondary blasting to reduce vibration. The unit consumption of explosives in the cutting part was 1.87~2.33 kg/m3 and 0.40~0.80 kg/m3 in other sections, with the Ms-15 nonel detonator used for maximum section control. In addition, the blasting vibration attenuation law formula was inverted through blasting vibration monitoring, facilitating a pre-check for safety. Furthermore, a numerical simulation using the SPH method was conducted for cutting blasting near side-piercing bridge piles with a single-stage charge of 0.30 kg. The response of the bridge pile located 5 m from the detonation point and subjected to explosive load was analyzed. The blasting operation in this area had been completed, and the piers were safe and sound, indicating that the construction scheme for the side-crossing bridge pile section was feasible. Additionally, the stress wave propagation in strata and bridge piles was simulated, showing speeds of 3280 to 3590 meters per second in bridge piles, and an average speed of 1620 meters per second in rock and soil layers. The propagation speed in bridge piles was significantly higher than in the weathered and clay layers. The SPH method proved effective for large-scale particle calculations without requiring supercomputing power for explosives and adjacent rocks.

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YAN Hong-hao(1975-), male, Ph. D, professor, mainly engaged in the research on explosion mechanics, explosion processing and engineering blasting, (E-mail) .
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以大连地铁5号线石葵路~劳动公园区间工程建设为背景，结合隧道施工工法（台阶法、CRD法），优化掌子面爆破参数，控制区间隧道爆破对桥桩的影响。右线采用台阶法，左线采用CRD法，台阶法的上台阶及CRD法的左上方①部洞室采用两次爆破，第一次为掏槽区域爆破，为第二次爆破提供临空面进而降低爆破振动。掏槽处炸药单耗为1.87~2.33 kg/m3，其余部位炸药单耗0.40~0.80 kg/m3，最大段别雷管使用Ms-15段非电导爆管雷管。基于实测数据反演爆破振动衰减规律公式，完成爆破振动安全预校核。采用SPH法对临近桥桩掏槽爆破进行数值计算，在单段药量0.3 kg情况下，对5 m远处受到爆炸载荷作用的桥桩进行了响应分析。计算表明桥桩无损伤，且爆破作业结束，桥桩安全无恙，表明侧穿桥桩段的技术方案是可行的。此外，模拟应力波在地层、桥桩中的传播过程，桥桩中应力波传播速度3280~3590 m/s，岩土层中传播速度平均为1620 m/s，数据显示振动在桥桩中传播速度明显大于在风化层与黏土层的传播速度。论文中炸药与临近岩石采用SPH方法，避免了大规模粒子计算对超算能力要求，对于远距离振动分布研究，此方法具有一定的借鉴意义。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
闫鸿浩（1975-），男，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、爆炸加工、工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
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李岩巍（1990-），男，博士研究生，从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

LI Yan-wei (1990-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the research on the tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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李岩巍（1990-），男，博士研究生，从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

LI Yan-wei (1990-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the research on the tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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李岩巍（1990-），男，博士研究生，从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

LI Yan-wei (1990-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the research on the tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

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keyword=爆破设计), Keyword(id=1241057546295899038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数值模拟)], refs=[Reference(id=1241057556597108971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=8, pageStart=3302, pageEnd=3307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=于德海, 秦凯凯, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于德海, 秦凯凯. 地铁下穿既有铁路桥的爆破动力响应分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(8): 3302-3307., articleTitle=地铁下穿既有铁路桥的爆破动力响应分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241057556676800749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=8, pageStart=3302, pageEnd=3307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=YU De-hai, QIN Kai-kai, journalName=Science Technology and 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language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Layout of section①(unit：mm), figureFileSmall=ddQmm2iiTtO2LXon1xeRzg==, figureFileBig=qGUYfOdrTXHh4FWMUCxzKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547453527014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图4, caption=①部详细布置图(单位：mm), figureFileSmall=ddQmm2iiTtO2LXon1xeRzg==, figureFileBig=qGUYfOdrTXHh4FWMUCxzKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547596133362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Right-line step method blasthole layout diagram, figureFileSmall=X7B0bL7SnVSxZEJIAnVwIQ==, figureFileBig=JJYwFf2a2UsnIIRuGvozDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547826820092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图5, caption=右线台阶法布孔图, figureFileSmall=X7B0bL7SnVSxZEJIAnVwIQ==, figureFileBig=JJYwFf2a2UsnIIRuGvozDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547982008323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Finite element calculation model, figureFileSmall=ldP4saDWYkeAqzC3nozrAg==, figureFileBig=hzWg27+fWmglnyhGIbW/cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057549521317897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图6, caption=有限元计算模型, figureFileSmall=ldP4saDWYkeAqzC3nozrAg==, figureFileBig=hzWg27+fWmglnyhGIbW/cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057549701672977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Stress nephogram of bridge pile at a typical time, figureFileSmall=81Xw6Vw4h3ghTDq7wIsSQg==, figureFileBig=EmRUDFaoOGDBq/Z9SUlnow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057549890416666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图7, caption=桥桩应力云图, figureFileSmall=81Xw6Vw4h3ghTDq7wIsSQg==, figureFileBig=EmRUDFaoOGDBq/Z9SUlnow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550083354657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Vibration velocity nephogram of bridge pile at a typical time, figureFileSmall=CQucZl3m9z5/AdGtDqqmIg==, figureFileBig=jNUQUnHvsERcO8DMnTJUkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550263709741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图8, caption=桥桩振动速度云图, figureFileSmall=CQucZl3m9z5/AdGtDqqmIg==, figureFileBig=jNUQUnHvsERcO8DMnTJUkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550355984435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Contour of history variable#1, figureFileSmall=h7EonpJcFjZSRuZ7IaEUsA==, figureFileBig=zwE2WpsxEYOB8Bye2TAplQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550444064828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图9, caption=历史变量#1云图, figureFileSmall=h7EonpJcFjZSRuZ7IaEUsA==, figureFileBig=zwE2WpsxEYOB8Bye2TAplQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550561505347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Resultant vibration velocity diagram of nodes, figureFileSmall=4wsjZd6mV3CDpK38ibGQIQ==, figureFileBig=wEde3qIjJgYHDVmDdPJXng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550653780038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=图10, caption=节点振动合速度图, figureFileSmall=4wsjZd6mV3CDpK38ibGQIQ==, figureFileBig=wEde3qIjJgYHDVmDdPJXng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057550775414862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Blasting parameters in cutting area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量单段药量段别
辅助孔50100.0 
一阶掏槽7530.150.451
7530.150.453
二阶掏槽11020.300.605
11020.300.607
11020.300.609
11020.300.6011
11020.300.6013
11010.300.3015
合计 12 4.2 
备注单耗4.2/3/0.75＝1.87 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550901243993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

掏槽区域爆破参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量单段药量段别
辅助孔50100.0 
一阶掏槽7530.150.451
7530.150.453
二阶掏槽11020.300.605
11020.300.607
11020.300.609
11020.300.6011
11020.300.6013
11010.300.3015
合计 12 4.2 
备注单耗4.2/3/0.75＝1.87 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550976741473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Blasting parameters of section①

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
左排一330.7510.150.45
350.7510.150.45
370.7510.150.45
390.7510.150.45
3110.7510.150.45
3130.7510.150.45
左徘二390.750.50.0750.225
4110.950.50.0750.30
4130.950.50.0750.30
4150.950.50.0750.30
右排一130.751.00.150.15
350.751.00.150.45
370.751.00.150.45
390.751.00.150.45
3110.952.00.150.45
3130.952.00.150.45
3150.952.00.150.45
合计52    7.5
备注单耗7.5/17.23/0.5＝0.87 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551077404774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

①部爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
左排一330.7510.150.45
350.7510.150.45
370.7510.150.45
390.7510.150.45
3110.7510.150.45
3130.7510.150.45
左徘二390.750.50.0750.225
4110.950.50.0750.30
4130.950.50.0750.30
4150.950.50.0750.30
右排一130.751.00.150.15
350.751.00.150.45
370.751.00.150.45
390.751.00.150.45
3110.952.00.150.45
3130.952.00.150.45
3150.952.00.150.45
合计52    7.5
备注单耗7.5/17.23/0.5＝0.87 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551169679467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Blasting parameters of section②

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
辅助眼110.7510.150.15
一排眼331.220.300.9
二排眼851.220.302.4
三排眼1371.220.303.9
四排眼1091.220.151.5
四排眼10111.220.303.0
五排眼6131.220.301.8
周边眼17151.420.152.55
合计68    16.2
备注单耗16.2/25.39/1.0＝0.64 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551261954160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

②部爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
辅助眼110.7510.150.15
一排眼331.220.300.9
二排眼851.220.302.4
三排眼1371.220.303.9
四排眼1091.220.151.5
四排眼10111.220.303.0
五排眼6131.220.301.8
周边眼17151.420.152.55
合计68    16.2
备注单耗16.2/25.39/1.0＝0.64 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551358423161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Blasting parameters of section③

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
一排眼411.01.50.2250.90
二排眼1330.751.00.151.95
三排眼1050.751.00.151.50
三排眼1270.751.00.151.80
四排眼990.751.00.151.35
周边眼9130.951.00.080.72
周边眼9150.951.00.080.72
合计66    8.94
备注单耗8.94/26/0.5＝0.68 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551492640897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

③部爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
一排眼411.01.50.2250.90
二排眼1330.751.00.151.95
三排眼1050.751.00.151.50
三排眼1270.751.00.151.80
四排眼990.751.00.151.35
周边眼9130.951.00.080.72
周边眼9150.951.00.080.72
合计66    8.94
备注单耗8.94/26/0.5＝0.68 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551589109892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Blasting parameters of section④

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
一排眼311.020.300.9
二排眼831.220.302.4
三排眼651.210.301.8
三排眼971.210.302.7
四排眼891.210.151.2
四排眼10111.210.303.0
四排眼6131.210.150.9
周边眼20151.420.163.2
合计69    16.1
备注单耗16.1/30.53＝0.52 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551723327625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

④部爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炮眼类别炮眼个数雷管段数/段炮眼长度/cm炮眼装药量
每孔药卷数/(卷/孔)单孔装药量/(kg/孔)合计药量/kg
一排眼311.020.300.9
二排眼831.220.302.4
三排眼651.210.301.8
三排眼971.210.302.7
四排眼891.210.151.2
四排眼10111.210.303.0
四排眼6131.210.150.9
周边眼20151.420.163.2
合计69    16.1
备注单耗16.1/30.53＝0.52 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551840768141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Blasting parameters of cutting area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg单段药量/kg段别
一阶掏槽5520.150.31
5520.150.33
二阶掏槽11020.450.95
11020.450.97
11020.450.99
11020.450.911
合计 12 4.2 
备注单耗4.2/2.4/0.75＝2.33 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057551958208658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

掏槽区域爆破参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg单段药量/kg段别
一阶掏槽5520.150.31
5520.150.33
二阶掏槽11020.450.95
11020.450.97
11020.450.99
11020.450.911
合计 12 4.2 
备注单耗4.2/2.4/0.75＝2.33 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552100814997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Blasting parameters of the upper bench (outside the cutting-area)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg段别药量/kg段别
7540.150.61
7560.150.63
7530.150.455
7560.150.907
7560.150.909
9580.080.6011
9580.080.6013
9550.080.415
备注单耗5.05/13.68/0.5＝0.74 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552184701079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

上台阶爆破参数表(扣除掏槽区)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg段别药量/kg段别
7540.150.61
7560.150.63
7530.150.455
7560.150.907
7560.150.909
9580.080.6011
9580.080.6013
9550.080.415
备注单耗5.05/13.68/0.5＝0.74 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552318918814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Blasting parameters of lower bench

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg单段药量/kg段别
1排孔12020.300.605
12020.300.607
12020.300.609
12040.160.6011
2排孔12020.300.605
12020.300.607
12010.300.309
12040.150.6011
3排孔12010.300.305
12020.300.607
12020.300.609
14040.150.6011
14040.150.6013
14040.150.6015
备注单耗7.8/19.7＝0.40 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552419582114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

下台阶爆破参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别孔深/cm孔数单孔药量/kg单段药量/kg段别
1排孔12020.300.605
12020.300.607
12020.300.609
12040.160.6011
2排孔12020.300.605
12020.300.607
12010.300.309
12040.150.6011
3排孔12010.300.305
12020.300.607
12020.300.609
14040.150.6011
14040.150.6013
14040.150.6015
备注单耗7.8/19.7＝0.40 kg/m3
), ArticleFig(id=1241057552524439717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Monitoring data of measuring points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号垂直距离/m水平距离/m直线距离/m合速度VH/(cm·s－1)
1302036.060.3878
2300.030.000.5308
3301031.620.4034
4303042.430.3159
5303042.430.4543
6301031.620.6081
7300.030.000.7878
8302036.060.5064
9301533.540.3398
10300.030.000.756
11300.030.000.757
12301533.540.5632
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554076332206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

测点监测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号垂直距离/m水平距离/m直线距离/m合速度VH/(cm·s－1)
1302036.060.3878
2300.030.000.5308
3301031.620.4034
4303042.430.3159
5303042.430.4543
6301031.620.6081
7300.030.000.7878
8302036.060.5064
9301533.540.3398
10300.030.000.756
11300.030.000.757
12301533.540.5632
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554231521457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Safety checklist

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破位置距离/m最大单段药量/kg控制振动速度大小/(cm·s－1)振动速度计算值/(cm·s－1)是否安全备注
上台阶掏槽(右线)5.4~15.00.30~0.4510.00.91~6.362是 K取169；α取值1.68；对于近场，K取值150；α取值2.0。
上台阶二次爆破(右线)2.15~15.00.15~0.4510.01.14~9.16是
CRD(1部掏槽)5.0~15.00.4510.01.14~7.23是
CRD(1部二次起爆)3.0~15.00.30~0.4510.01.14~7.47是
CRD(2部)6.5~15.03.9010.03.83~8.80是
CRD(3部)8.0~15.01.9510.02.60~7.47是
CRD(4部)9.0~15.03.0010.03.31~7.80是
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554332184758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

安全校对表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
爆破位置距离/m最大单段药量/kg控制振动速度大小/(cm·s－1)振动速度计算值/(cm·s－1)是否安全备注
上台阶掏槽(右线)5.4~15.00.30~0.4510.00.91~6.362是 K取169；α取值1.68；对于近场，K取值150；α取值2.0。
上台阶二次爆破(右线)2.15~15.00.15~0.4510.01.14~9.16是
CRD(1部掏槽)5.0~15.00.4510.01.14~7.23是
CRD(1部二次起爆)3.0~15.00.30~0.4510.01.14~7.47是
CRD(2部)6.5~15.03.9010.03.83~8.80是
CRD(3部)8.0~15.01.9510.02.60~7.47是
CRD(4部)9.0~15.03.0010.03.31~7.80是
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554462208190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Explosive material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(g·cm－3)爆速D/(km·s－1)爆压Pcj/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E cj/(kJ·cm－3)
0.9314.1605.1549.4601.8913.9071.1180.3332.484
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554562871491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

炸药材料参数[11]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(g·cm－3)爆速D/(km·s－1)爆压Pcj/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E cj/(kJ·cm－3)
0.9314.1605.1549.4601.8913.9071.1180.3332.484
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554676117705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Concrete material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m－3)剪切模量G/Pa P C/Pa T/Pa C A B N Smax参考应变率/s－1
262023.0e9108.0e67.4e60.0050.172.400.75121.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554797752526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

混凝土材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m－3)剪切模量G/Pa P C/Pa T/Pa C A B N Smax参考应变率/s－1
262023.0e9108.0e67.4e60.0050.172.400.75121.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241057554927775955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Material model parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类密度/(kg·mm－3)体积模量/MPa剪切模量/MPa杨氏模量/MPa泊松比内聚力/MPa内摩擦角
黏土层1.7e-06283.3329.3184.9990.450.010015
强风化层2.3e-06213071019170.350.080035
中风化层2.65e-06601039609740.60.22990.180040
), ArticleFig(id=1241057555280097495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

材料模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类密度/(kg·mm－3)体积模量/MPa剪切模量/MPa杨氏模量/MPa泊松比内聚力/MPa内摩擦角
黏土层1.7e-06283.3329.3184.9990.450.010015
强风化层2.3e-06213071019170.350.080035
中风化层2.65e-06601039609740.60.22990.180040
), ArticleFig(id=1241057555519172823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=EN, label=Table 14, caption=

Vibration velocity at different nodes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点部位 X/m Y/m Z/m最大速度/(cm·s－1)启动时刻/s传播速度/(m·s－1)
3 097 519桥桩4.033.65－4.121.2302.88E－3/
3 116 600桥桩4.0321.80－4.120.2237.68E－33280
3 116 584桥桩4.0331.80－4.120.01641.04E－23590
3 070 289岩土1.003.751.007.6601.60E－3/
3 155 035岩土1.0021.801.000.1071.26E－21620
3 150 620岩土1.0031.801.00///
), ArticleFig(id=1241057555775025371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046465666142957, language=CN, label=表14, caption=

不同节点处振动速度统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
节点部位 X/m Y/m Z/m最大速度/(cm·s－1)启动时刻/s传播速度/(m·s－1)
3 097 519桥桩4.033.65－4.121.2302.88E－3/
3 116 600桥桩4.0321.80－4.120.2237.68E－33280
3 116 584桥桩4.0331.80－4.120.01641.04E－23590
3 070 289岩土1.003.751.007.6601.60E－3/
3 155 035岩土1.0021.801.000.1071.26E－21620
3 150 620岩土1.0031.801.00///
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侧穿桥桩的隧道爆破设计与模拟
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李岩巍 1 , 纪晓琳 2 , 于海 3 , 闫鸿浩 2
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(1): 97-106
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(1): 97-106
侧穿桥桩的隧道爆破设计与模拟
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李岩巍1 , 纪晓琳2, 于海3, 闫鸿浩2
作者信息
  • 1.长安大学　公路学院，西安　710064
  • 2.大连理工大学　力学与航空航天学院，大连　116024
  • 3.中铁上海工程局集团有限公司　建设分公司，沈阳　110000

    • 李岩巍（1990-），男，博士研究生，从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究，（E-mail）。

    LI Yan-wei (1990-), male, Ph. D, mainly engaged in the research on the tunnel and underground engineering, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

闫鸿浩（1975-），男，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、爆炸加工、工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
Blasting Design and Simulation of Tunnel Adjacent to Bridge Piles
Yan-wei LI1 , Xiao-lin JI2, Hai YU3, Hong-hao YAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Highway School, Chang'An University, Xi'an 710064, China
  • 2.School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 3.Construction Branch of Shanghai Civil Engineering Group Co., Ltd. of CREC, Shenyang 110000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.012
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摘要
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以大连地铁5号线石葵路~劳动公园区间工程建设为背景，结合隧道施工工法（台阶法、CRD法），优化掌子面爆破参数，控制区间隧道爆破对桥桩的影响。右线采用台阶法，左线采用CRD法，台阶法的上台阶及CRD法的左上方①部洞室采用两次爆破，第一次为掏槽区域爆破，为第二次爆破提供临空面进而降低爆破振动。掏槽处炸药单耗为1.87~2.33 kg/m3，其余部位炸药单耗0.40~0.80 kg/m3，最大段别雷管使用Ms-15段非电导爆管雷管。基于实测数据反演爆破振动衰减规律公式，完成爆破振动安全预校核。采用SPH法对临近桥桩掏槽爆破进行数值计算，在单段药量0.3 kg情况下，对5 m远处受到爆炸载荷作用的桥桩进行了响应分析。计算表明桥桩无损伤，且爆破作业结束，桥桩安全无恙，表明侧穿桥桩段的技术方案是可行的。此外，模拟应力波在地层、桥桩中的传播过程，桥桩中应力波传播速度3280~3590 m/s，岩土层中传播速度平均为1620 m/s，数据显示振动在桥桩中传播速度明显大于在风化层与黏土层的传播速度。论文中炸药与临近岩石采用SPH方法，避免了大规模粒子计算对超算能力要求，对于远距离振动分布研究，此方法具有一定的借鉴意义。

隧道  /  侧穿桥桩  /  爆破振动  /  爆破设计  /  数值模拟

Taking the construction of Shikui Road Station to Labor Park Station of Dalian Metro Line 5 as the background, a delicate blasting design was used to control the influence of interval tunnel construction on adjacent buildings. In order to prevent the risk of settlement of adjacent bridge piles, a deep hole pre-reinforcement method of non-shrinkage double-liquid grouting (WSS) was used on the tunnel face. The blasting parameters of the tunnel face were optimized, and a detailed blasting design was given by combining with the step sequence of the tunnel construction method (step method and CRD method). The right line utilized the step method, while the left employed the CRD method. The upper bench of the step method and the upper left chamber 1 of the CRD method were blasted twice: initial cutting blasting to create an empty surface followed by secondary blasting to reduce vibration. The unit consumption of explosives in the cutting part was 1.87~2.33 kg/m3 and 0.40~0.80 kg/m3 in other sections, with the Ms-15 nonel detonator used for maximum section control. In addition, the blasting vibration attenuation law formula was inverted through blasting vibration monitoring, facilitating a pre-check for safety. Furthermore, a numerical simulation using the SPH method was conducted for cutting blasting near side-piercing bridge piles with a single-stage charge of 0.30 kg. The response of the bridge pile located 5 m from the detonation point and subjected to explosive load was analyzed. The blasting operation in this area had been completed, and the piers were safe and sound, indicating that the construction scheme for the side-crossing bridge pile section was feasible. Additionally, the stress wave propagation in strata and bridge piles was simulated, showing speeds of 3280 to 3590 meters per second in bridge piles, and an average speed of 1620 meters per second in rock and soil layers. The propagation speed in bridge piles was significantly higher than in the weathered and clay layers. The SPH method proved effective for large-scale particle calculations without requiring supercomputing power for explosives and adjacent rocks.

tunnel  /  side-piercing bridge piles  /  blasting vibration  /  blasting design  /  numerical simulation
李岩巍, 纪晓琳, 于海, 闫鸿浩. 侧穿桥桩的隧道爆破设计与模拟. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 97 -106 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.012
Yan-wei LI, Xiao-lin JI, Hai YU, Hong-hao YAN. Blasting Design and Simulation of Tunnel Adjacent to Bridge Piles[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 97 -106 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.012
正文
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地铁建设作为缓解城市地面交通拥堵的重要措施之一，在加强城市功能方面的作用日趋重要，是地下空间开发重点。城市地铁一般选择在城市主干道或各主要环路下建设。然而这些道路上桥梁广泛分布，因此，对于如何减小区间隧道施工对桥桩的影响已然成为一个热点问题。当前，区间隧道大部分采用了盾构法施工，但断面变换复杂时，矿山法施工还是主流。在矿山法修建区间隧道过程中，近距离桥桩的安全及保护必须高度重视。
许多学者对于城市地铁暗挖隧道工程进行了大量的相关研究。于德海等以实际地铁工程为背景[1]，对比分析有限元模拟与现场监测结果以研究既有建筑物对爆破振动的动力响应问题；周丁恒等以地铁暗挖隧道同时下穿京张高速铁路隧道和京包铁路桥为研究对象[2]，利用有限元模拟方法分析加固和不加固方案下铁路桥、隧道的位移变化，为类似穿越工程提供参考；郑大榕等以南京地铁隧道工程为研究背景[3]，介绍了施工中所采取的开挖方法和控制爆破振动措施；薛里等以青岛地铁工程为背景[4]，基于隧道开挖爆破的工程监测数据分析了不同作用类型炮孔引起的地表振动特性及其衰减规律，并提出了浅埋隧道爆破开挖的减振措施；王俊等以实际工程施工为背景[5]，基于对地表及坝体的现场爆破振动监测数据，分析爆破地震波的振动特征及衰减规律，并进一步对坝体振动安全进行分析。部分研究聚焦于爆破地震波的振动特性和衰减规律分析，以及对邻近建筑物的影响分析[6-8]，而对地铁隧道爆破侧穿桥墩的情况研究较少。
以大连市地铁5号线石葵路站~劳动公园站区间工程为背景，给出掌子面爆破设计，同时基于爆破振动监测数据反演爆破振动衰减规律公式，完成爆破振动安全预校核；采用SPH法模拟分析了单段掏槽药量0.3 kg情况下爆炸载荷对桥桩的影响，并且模拟了应力波在地层、桥桩中的传播过程。
1　暗挖工程特征
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大连地铁5号线石葵路站~劳动公园站区间(简称石劳区间)沿解放路向北敷设，解放路为大连市中心主干路，双向6车道，交通繁忙。区间沿线有胜利东路桥、希尔顿大酒店及铁山巷23号楼，具体区间分布如下图1所示。区间暗挖侧穿胜利东路桥桩基段落施工的风险等级为Ⅰ级。区间隧道处于中风化板岩，中风化石英岩呈灰褐、青灰、灰白色，变晶结构，中厚层状构造，主要矿物成分为石英。岩石RQD为40~80，饱和单轴抗压强度36.4~118.0 MPa，标准值51.5 MPa，属较硬岩~坚硬岩，岩体基本质量等级Ⅲ-Ⅳ级。
右线风险段长度42.95 m，初期支护采用台阶法施工。左线风险段落长度49.75 m，初期支护采用CRD法与双侧壁导坑法施工。左线侧穿BZ5、NZ5号桩，右线侧穿NZ6、ZD1号桩，其中BZ5、ZD1桥桩底部与隧道结构位置关系分别如图2所示，NZ5、NZ6桥桩底部与隧道结构位置相互关系类似图2，只是距离大小稍有不同。
解放路上方是胜利东路桥，此桥为连续梁桥，BZ5-BZ6、NZ5-NZ6、NZ5-ZD1号桥墩上部桥跨结构均为钢梁结构，胜利东路桥桥墩为椭圆形独立墩。
2　爆破设计
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2.1　爆破安全控制
爆破安全控制基本原则：降低单响最大装药量，合理设置各响之间的间隔时间，避免爆破振动波的叠加效应，以降低爆破振动。
考虑左线BZ5、ZD1及右线NZ5、NZ6桥桩安全(爆破振动易产生桩基围岩扰动，损伤桥墩)，隧道开挖断面距桥桩中心线前后各5 m内采用机械开挖方式。不论是台阶法、CRD法还是双侧壁导洞法，首先在开洞的部位进行二次起爆(比如上台阶或CRD法的1部)，第一次掏槽，为后续的作业提供良好的临空面，控制第一次的振动为重中之重。
左线采用CRD法作业，施工顺序分1→2→3→4，其中上台阶单次循环进尺0.5 m，循环次数80次；下台阶单次循环进尺1.0 m，循环次数40次，左线爆区长度39.75 m。另外考虑到掌子面积大，且进尺小，采用二级楔形降震掏槽。右线采用台阶法施工，其中上台阶单次循环进尺为0.5 m，循环次数66次；下台阶单次循环进尺1.0 m，循环次数33次，右线爆区长度32.95 m。
使用依据《爆破工程消耗量定额》(GYD—102—2008)[9]，炸药控制1.33 kg/m3(只有一个临空面情况下)，临空面多时，降低其数值，0.65~0.95 kg/m3。
据《爆破安全规程》规定[10]，最大单段药量、振动速度、距离有公式表达
式中：Q为最大装药量，左侧(西)CRD法最大单段药量0.64 kg，最大单次起爆药量16.5 kg，右侧(东)台阶法最大单段药量为0.9 kg，最大单次起爆药量5.13 kg；R为距爆源中心距离，东侧距离铁山巷23号楼斜线距离约28.3 m，西侧距希尔顿大酒店斜线距离16.7 m，左、右线距桥桩最近斜线距离(ZD1桥桩)约9.6 m远；K为与介质特性有关的系数，α为与地形、地质等有关的系数。
2.2　左线大断面爆破设计
左线大断面采用CRD法作业，炮孔布置图如图3所示，施工顺序①－>②－>③－>④部，分别支护开挖，其四部掌子面依次错开6 m；上台阶进尺0.5 m，下台阶进尺1.0 m。开挖第①部时，由于无临空面，振动难以控制，所以采用二次起爆方式；先进行掏槽作业，获得3 m2的空间，其爆破参数见表1。由于线路的左上方有BZ5、NZ5两个桥桩需要保护，实际上对于BZ5桥桩，其距离隧道的长度比设计的长度更长，水平直线距离为2.45 m，斜向距离在5~15 m分布。
图3中①部的掏槽采用三角形楔形掏槽，中心空眼，1段与3段交互起爆，为控制振动，最高用到15段导爆管雷管，单段最大药量0.45 kg；二次起爆的最大单段药量为0.45 kg。①部的详细炮眼布置图如图4所示，其中详细给出了一次起爆的三角楔形掏槽炮眼布置。
对②部开挖，进尺1 m，最大单段药量3.9 kg；对③部开挖，进尺0.5 m，最大单段药量1.95 kg；对④部开挖，进尺1 m，最大单段药量3.0 kg。
表2~表5分别为①部、②部、③部、④部的装药参数。其炸药单耗控制在0.5~0.8 kg/m3。部的掏槽单耗较高达到1.87 kg/m3，其余炸药单耗为0.5~0.8 kg/m3。
2.3　右线爆破设计
右线上台阶，采用二次爆破，第一次完成掏槽(高1.6 m、宽1.5 m)，第二次完成上台阶剩余断面爆破，在这二次爆破时充分利用Ms-2段雷管的快速延时特性(25 ms)。表6是掏槽爆破参数，表7、表8分别是上下台阶的爆破参数表，掏槽处炸药单耗2.33 kg/m3，上下台阶炸药单耗0.40~0.75 kg/m3。
二次爆破时，周边孔的11段雷管承担4个孔起爆任务，起爆药量0.30 kg，为降低局部振动，此时将13段与11段雷管交互使用，控制单段药量0.15 kg。
上下台阶错开6 m，在下台阶爆破时，控制距离最近处单段药量0.15 kg。上台阶进尺0.5 m，下台阶进尺1.0 m。图5为台阶法整体布孔位置及选用雷管段别，图中的阿拉伯数字代表非电导爆管雷管段别。
3　振动速度估算
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该工程区域保护物有铁山巷23号楼、希尔顿大酒店、桥桩，如果桥桩安全，地表建筑物自然满足安全要求，所以不对建筑物再做计算校对。对于胜利东路桥桩，参考爆破安全规程[10]，桥桩应属于保护对象类别中的大体积混凝土，且非新浇。对于C20新浇混凝土，龄期7~28 d，高频振动速度允许范围是10~12 cm/s(浅孔爆破方式的振动频率属于高频)。而胜利东路桥桩采用C35混凝土浇筑，其抗压强度达到35 MPa，抗拉强度约为抗压强度的1/10，即3.5 MPa，为安全起见，选用C20混凝土校核，设其抗拉强度约2.0 MPa。
根据应力波传播理论，桩内振动质点速度变化与抗拉应力变化量有下面公式成立
式中：ρ为混凝土密度取值2700 kg/m3；c为混凝土内纵波速度，取3710 m/s。根据公式(2)以及C20混凝土安全振速规定，选择10.0 cm/s安全振速控制，第三方出具的爆破安全评估报告也采纳此控制速度指标。
基于实测数据，利用公式(1)反演振动速度衰减规律公式，掏槽单段最大药量1.2 kg，垂直、水平距离如表9所示。反演得到参数K与α，K＝169、α＝1.68。
在给定的10.0 cm/s安全振速控制下，不同爆破位置，桥墩处振动速度校核如表10所示。这里只是给出估算，下一节采用数值模拟方法进一步探讨表征对桥桩影响。
4　桥桩损伤与地表振动分析
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为了更好地分析爆破施工对临近桥桩的影响，利用显式动力学分析有限元软件Ansys/LS-DYNA，选取(右线)上台阶掏槽区域爆破，单孔装药0.30 kg的情况进行数值建模，并且利用LS-DYNA中的材料关键字*MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE中的第1历史变量判断爆破施工对临近桥桩是否会产生破坏损伤等影响。此外，计算模拟桥桩、岩层不同位置处的振动速度及应力波传播情况。
4.1　计算模型
为分析爆破载荷对桥桩的损伤影响，根据实际工况建立了有限元计算模型，如图6(a)所示。采用共节点建模法，模型尺寸为9 m×9 m×4 m，模型的上下端、右后端采用无反射边界条件。炸药及其周围岩石模型采用SPH算法，粒子尺寸为1 cm，计375 000个粒子单元，桥桩及岩石采用拉格朗日算法，单元尺寸为5 cm，共2 631 800个单元。设置起爆点，设置计算时长为0.015 s，两部分SPH粒子设置侵蚀算法。炸药采用的是ANFO炸药，具体参数如表11所示[11]。桥桩采用第111号材料模型(JHC)，具体参数见表12。
为分析爆破载荷产生的振动对地表的影响，在图6(a)基础上，增大单元尺寸，增加风化层(18 m厚)、黏土层(10 m厚)，有限元计算模型，如图6(b)所示。采用共节点建模法，模型尺寸为9 m×9 m×33.75 m，模型的上下端、地表桥桩断面处采用透射边界。炸药及其周围岩石模型采用SPH算法，尺度同6(a)，桥桩及岩石采用拉格朗日算法，单元尺寸为10 cm，共3 186 890个单元。设置计算时长为0.02 s。风化层、黏土层参数如表13所示(依据地勘资料计算)。
4.2　桥桩损伤分析
炸药爆炸引起的冲击波首先到达靠近起爆点的桥桩左端位置处，随后在桥桩中传播。桥桩在不同时间下的应力云图和振动速度云图如图7、图8所示。由数值求解结果可知，桥桩的最大应力为0.25754 MPa，远低于其混凝土抗拉强度3.5 MPa，所以桥桩不会发生断裂破坏。桥桩的最大振动速度为0.03922 m/s，低于10.0 cm/s的安全振速，故掏槽区爆破不会对临近桥桩产生安全影响[12-15]。
桥桩为混凝土材料，采用JHC本构模型，该本构模型内置有材料的累积损伤模型用以准确描述混凝土等硬脆材料在受到破坏时的内部单元失效变化，反映在宏观上即产生裂纹、断裂、损伤等。对于该本构模型，需要输出历史变量来获取损伤变量，该本构模型的损伤变量是1号历史变量。损伤因子D是表征材料损伤程度的量，D的取值范围为0~1，当D＝0时没有损伤，当D＝1时代表材料完全断裂，损伤因子越大代表损伤程度越大。后处理输出第一历史变量，即代表材料的损伤程度，如图9所示，求解过程中，第一历史变量等于0，表明材料没有损伤，即桥桩没有发生损伤破坏。由计算结果可知，桥桩未受到爆炸影响，处于安全状态。
4.3　不同位置处振动速度
在岩层与桥桩处各自取3个节点，并绘制出各节点的振动速度图，如图10(a)、(b)所示。节点坐标、节点合速度、振动记录时刻、相对位移如表14，节点3 116 584在与地表同一水平面的桥桩截面上，节点3 150 620在地表处。在地表桥桩截面处最大合速度为0.0164 cm/s，在地层表面振动速度很小，在20 ms计算后应力波还未到达。桥桩上节点距离起爆点(0，0，0)越远，其振动速度越小；岩土中的节点速度也符合此规律。计算显示应力波在桥桩中传播速度为3280~3590 m/s，土层中的应力传播速度约为1620 m/s，这符合材料(混凝土、风化层、黏土层)的固有特性，需要注明的是：振动速度结果是在掏槽起爆药量为0.30 kg情况下模拟计算得到的。
5　结论
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以石劳区间工程建设为背景，在风险源段进行爆破振动分析控制研究，并给出详细爆破设计。为降低振动影响，用台阶法施工的右线掌子面上台阶分两次爆破，CRD法施工的左线分部或分次爆破控制一次最大起爆药量。周边保护物有地表建构物、管线及桥桩，重点对临近桥桩处的振动速度水平进行预估。利用振动衰减规律公式进行爆破振动理论安全校核，表明隧道爆破施工不会对侧穿的桥桩桩基及邻近建筑物造成不良影响。此区间工程已经顺利完成二衬作业，桥桩、桥面、路面一切正常。实践表明是可行的，此类方法，可为某些类似工程提供参考。
另外，数值计算时，对于炸药与邻近岩石采用SPH方法精细模拟近场工况，远距离采用FEM建模研究爆破振动的传播及其对桥桩的影响，避免了大规模粒子计算，提高了计算效率。同时，数值计算结果进一步表明，爆破引起的最近桥桩处振动速度远小于10 cm/s，且桥桩不会发生损伤破坏(Ls-dyna材料历史变量1表征DAMAGE，处于0的水平)。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(12172084)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.012
  • 接收时间：2024-03-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-28
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172084)
国家自然科学基金(12172084)
作者信息
    1.长安大学　公路学院，西安　710064
    2.大连理工大学　力学与航空航天学院，大连　116024
    3.中铁上海工程局集团有限公司　建设分公司，沈阳　110000

通讯作者:

闫鸿浩（1975-），男，博士、教授，主要从事爆炸力学、爆炸加工、工程爆破方面的研究，（E-mail）。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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