Article(id=1241046464340750656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718812800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818134626, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1755878400000, pubDateStr=2025-08-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818134626, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818134626, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818134626, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=159, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046464785346885, articleId=1241046464340750656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Design and Engineering Application of New Energy Concentrating Tube, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Smooth blasting is generally used to control tunnel formation, which requires managing the density of the line charge. Conventionally, air-spaced axial uncoupled charges are used and connected by detonating cords. However, detonating cords require a large amount, are expensive and difficult to approve, and cannot achieve uniform dispersion of charges. Currently, bottom-concentrated charging structures are used without using detonating cords in the surrounding holes of tunnel excavation, leading to serious over-excavation and under-excavation. To address this issue, a new type of energy-gathering tube has been designed. This new tube combines a PVC half tube and energy-gathering cover with a fixed ring, enabling precise control of explosive amounts, simplifying the charging process, and ensuring the stability of the entire device. It is not limited by the water environment, providing efficient energy transmission and effectively controlling tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation. To evaluate the blasting effect of the new energy-gathering tube, it was first verified through a sacrificial explosion test. The test showed that with the new tube, multiple sections of the detonated explosive can be stably transmitted at 30 cm intervals with a dosage of 60 g. Numerical simulations also demonstrated the good cutting effect of the new tube. This new energy-gathering tube was applied in the Dongshan Tunnel of the Fenyang Shilou Expressway, achieving smooth blasting without detonating cords with a line charge density of 200 g/m and a half-hole trace rate of 90%, effectively reducing over-excavation and under-excavation.

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ZHANG Chang-suo (1968-), male, born in Yuanping, Shanxi Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, engaged in research in engineering blasting and geotechnical mechanics, (E-mail) .
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为了控制隧道成型一般采用光面爆破,光面爆破需要控制线装药密度,常规做法采用空气间隔轴向不耦合装药,各段炸药需用导爆索连接。但导爆索使用量大,价格高昂,审批困难,且做不到装药均散性。目前隧道掘进周边孔在不使用导爆索时均采用底部集中装药结构,会产生严重超欠挖。为此设计了一种新型聚能管,这种新型聚能管结合了PVC半管和聚能罩,并增设了固定环,不仅能准确控制炸药用量,简化装药过程,还能保证整个装置的稳定性,且不受有水环境制约,确保能量的高效传送,有效控制了隧道超欠挖。为评价新型聚能管的爆破效果,首先通过殉爆试验验证在采用新型聚能管时,多节被发炸药在60 g药量下间隔30 cm可以稳定传爆,又通过数值模拟证明该新型聚能管切缝效果良好。新型聚能管在汾阳至石楼高速公路东山隧道进行了工程应用,实现线装药密度200 g/m无导爆索光面爆破,半孔留痕率达到90%,有效减少超欠挖,经济效益显著,具有较好的推广价值。

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张昌锁(1968-),男,山西省原平人,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破及岩土力学方向的研究,(E-mail)
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田家璇(1998-),男,山西省原平人,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向的研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Jia-xuan (1998-), male, born in Yuanping, Shanxi Province, master's degree candidate, engaged in research in the field of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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田家璇(1998-),男,山西省原平人,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向的研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Jia-xuan (1998-), male, born in Yuanping, Shanxi Province, master's degree candidate, engaged in research in the field of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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田家璇(1998-),男,山西省原平人,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向的研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Jia-xuan (1998-), male, born in Yuanping, Shanxi Province, master's degree candidate, engaged in research in the field of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547352863714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=图13, caption=新方案爆破效果, figureFileSmall=9VArAkKv5XMINyeh49Oe9Q==, figureFileBig=ChvRQMw11PBkC+dqXanoiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057547478692842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental plan and results of explosive concentrated energy sacrificial explosion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验编号被发炸药数量约束条件殉爆距离是否殉爆
11亚克力管45
21亚克力管35
31亚克力管25
44PVC管25
5520
63无缝钢管30
73无缝钢管40
), ArticleFig(id=1241057547591939057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

炸药聚能殉爆试验方案及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验编号被发炸药数量约束条件殉爆距离是否殉爆
11亚克力管45
21亚克力管35
31亚克力管25
44PVC管25
5520
63无缝钢管30
73无缝钢管40
), ArticleFig(id=1241057547831014398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of air

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6单位体积内能相对体积
1.29000000.40.402.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241057547965231104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

空气参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6单位体积内能相对体积
1.29000000.40.402.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241057549466791941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of explosive

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3) D/(m·s-1) P CJ/GPa A B R1 R2 ω单位体积内能
100034005.732290.556.510.353.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241057549701672978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

炸药参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3) D/(m·s-1) P CJ/GPa A B R1 R2 ω单位体积内能
100034005.732290.556.510.353.51
), ArticleFig(id=1241057549856862231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of PVC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比屈服应力/MPa应变率相关系数1应变率相关系数2
130030.25222525.96
), ArticleFig(id=1241057549995274270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

PVC参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)弹性模量/GPa泊松比屈服应力/MPa应变率相关系数1应变率相关系数2
130030.25222525.96
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550171435046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Parameters of rock

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)最大拉应力/MPa抗压强度/MPa剪切模量/GPa压力硬化指数N损伤常数D1损伤常数D2
230068014.860.610.041
), ArticleFig(id=1241057550297264174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046464340750656, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

岩石参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(kg·m-3)最大拉应力/MPa抗压强度/MPa剪切模量/GPa压力硬化指数N损伤常数D1损伤常数D2
230068014.860.610.041
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田家璇 , 张昌锁 , 李泽 , 廖霖
爆破 | 爆破器材 2025,42(1): 159-165
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爆破 | 爆破器材 2025, 42(1): 159-165
新型聚能管设计及工程应用
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田家璇 , 张昌锁 , 李泽, 廖霖
作者信息
  • 太原理工大学 矿业工程学院,太原 030024
  • 田家璇(1998-),男,山西省原平人,硕士研究生,从事工程爆破方向的研究,(E-mail)

    TIAN Jia-xuan (1998-), male, born in Yuanping, Shanxi Province, master's degree candidate, engaged in research in the field of engineering blasting, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

张昌锁(1968-),男,山西省原平人,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破及岩土力学方向的研究,(E-mail)
Design and Engineering Application of New Energy Concentrating Tube
Jia-xuan TIAN , Chang-suo ZHANG , Ze LI, Lin LIAO
Affiliations
  • School of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
出版时间: 2025-08-23 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.019
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为了控制隧道成型一般采用光面爆破,光面爆破需要控制线装药密度,常规做法采用空气间隔轴向不耦合装药,各段炸药需用导爆索连接。但导爆索使用量大,价格高昂,审批困难,且做不到装药均散性。目前隧道掘进周边孔在不使用导爆索时均采用底部集中装药结构,会产生严重超欠挖。为此设计了一种新型聚能管,这种新型聚能管结合了PVC半管和聚能罩,并增设了固定环,不仅能准确控制炸药用量,简化装药过程,还能保证整个装置的稳定性,且不受有水环境制约,确保能量的高效传送,有效控制了隧道超欠挖。为评价新型聚能管的爆破效果,首先通过殉爆试验验证在采用新型聚能管时,多节被发炸药在60 g药量下间隔30 cm可以稳定传爆,又通过数值模拟证明该新型聚能管切缝效果良好。新型聚能管在汾阳至石楼高速公路东山隧道进行了工程应用,实现线装药密度200 g/m无导爆索光面爆破,半孔留痕率达到90%,有效减少超欠挖,经济效益显著,具有较好的推广价值。

光面爆破  /  殉爆  /  数值模拟  /  聚能切缝爆破  /  压力分析

Smooth blasting is generally used to control tunnel formation, which requires managing the density of the line charge. Conventionally, air-spaced axial uncoupled charges are used and connected by detonating cords. However, detonating cords require a large amount, are expensive and difficult to approve, and cannot achieve uniform dispersion of charges. Currently, bottom-concentrated charging structures are used without using detonating cords in the surrounding holes of tunnel excavation, leading to serious over-excavation and under-excavation. To address this issue, a new type of energy-gathering tube has been designed. This new tube combines a PVC half tube and energy-gathering cover with a fixed ring, enabling precise control of explosive amounts, simplifying the charging process, and ensuring the stability of the entire device. It is not limited by the water environment, providing efficient energy transmission and effectively controlling tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation. To evaluate the blasting effect of the new energy-gathering tube, it was first verified through a sacrificial explosion test. The test showed that with the new tube, multiple sections of the detonated explosive can be stably transmitted at 30 cm intervals with a dosage of 60 g. Numerical simulations also demonstrated the good cutting effect of the new tube. This new energy-gathering tube was applied in the Dongshan Tunnel of the Fenyang Shilou Expressway, achieving smooth blasting without detonating cords with a line charge density of 200 g/m and a half-hole trace rate of 90%, effectively reducing over-excavation and under-excavation.

smooth blasting  /  sympathetic detonation  /  numerical simulation  /  cumulative cutting blasting  /  stress analysis
田家璇, 张昌锁, 李泽, 廖霖. 新型聚能管设计及工程应用. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 159 -165 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.019
Jia-xuan TIAN, Chang-suo ZHANG, Ze LI, Lin LIAO. Design and Engineering Application of New Energy Concentrating Tube[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 159 -165 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.019
自Hagthorpe提出了光面爆破技术构想,国内外学者不断进行改进使之逐渐成为隧道施工的主要方法。澳大利亚学者Pageau等提出光爆参数的设计标准[1];Smith、K G Hinzen分别采用数值模拟及现场监测[23],研究了光面爆破中炸药能量的损耗及应力波传播规律。但目前隧道掘进周边孔在不使用导爆索时均采用底部集中装药结构,不仅直接影响隧道的光面爆破效果,还会影响隧道围岩稳定性、初支支护数量及二衬混凝土工程量,增加工程投资。与之相比,轴向空气间隔装药爆破技术能够使爆炸能量得到更为充分地利用[4-6],控制了爆破危害、降低了爆破成本。楼晓明等对不同空气间隔装药结构压力特征进行了理论分析与数值验证[7],发现其孔壁压力沿轴向不均匀分布;梁瑞等通过数值模拟确定了不同工况下适用的间隔装药方案[8]。但在常规做法中,需将药卷用导爆索连接按一定间隔绑在竹片上,再装入炮孔,存在效率低、成本高、工序复杂等弊端,且导爆索使用量大,价格高昂,审批困难,增加了工程成本。
为使施工工序简单化以及降低材料成本,传统光面爆破装药结构逐渐转向基于殉爆的新型装药结构[9],主要表现为取消沿炮孔全长布置的导爆索,通过引爆主发炸药,然后依靠聚能装置传爆被发药包,从而实现连续殉爆。陈庆凯等研究了约束条件以及不耦合系数对乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响[10],发现不耦合系数增大后炸药殉爆距离明显下降;李启月等研究了径向双槽聚能管对炸药殉爆的影响[11],发现聚能结构起爆后径向爆轰波约束作用有效增大了殉爆距离;刘忠磊等提出了“轴向聚能装置+乳化炸药”的间隔装药方式[1213],并成功应用于现场试验,轴向聚能结构替代了导爆索实现长距离殉爆,有效节约了成本。
现阶段聚能爆破管的应用存在一系列不足之处[12],主要问题包括起爆可靠度低、防水性能不佳、聚能装置固定不稳定、单管长度固定导致殉爆距离调整不便、装药过程繁琐且质量难以控制、装置复杂不便于现场装配以及轴向聚能方向难以保证一致等,这些不足限制了其在实际工程中的效能和广泛应用。
用PVC管加工新型聚能管[14],以汾阳至石楼高速公路东山隧道为工程背景,通过数值模拟与现场应用相结合的研究手段验证新型聚能管在隧道光面爆破中应用的可行性,并取得良好的光面爆破效果。
新型聚能管结合了PVC半管、聚能罩和固定环,实现了径向聚能以及轴向能量的高效、远距离传送,同时确保了炸药用量的可控性。
PVC材料具有良好的防水和隔离性能,上下半管组合后可以有效地防止水和异物进入药包之间,避免了熄爆的风险。同时,PVC管两侧的切缝起到径向聚能的作用,还能通过管壁衰减作用于围岩上的冲击波,起到保护围岩的作用,对炸药爆炸所产生的径向爆轰波起一定约束作用,增大沿管轴向传播的空气冲击波能量,进一步增大作用于被发药包上的起爆能量。
聚能罩为圆锥形金属结构,在炸药起爆后,其两翼面受到爆轰波的巨大压力,进而形成高速、高能及高压的金属射流。这种金属射流与被发药包接触后,能够引发强烈的殉爆,从而实现能量的远距离传递。
固定环不仅能够确保聚能罩在炸药端部的中心位置并保持垂直度,使得聚能装置的结构稳定可靠,而且通过固定环的支撑,两根PVC半管用胶带缠绕形成一个两侧切缝的管体如图1(b)所示。炸药依靠固定环可以被均匀地间隔排列在药室中,保证了炸药用量的可控性。通过改变固定环位置可以根据现场需求调整炸药用量及殉爆距离。
聚能装置及装药结构如图1所示。
前期通过查阅大量文献[11],李启月通过现场试验测得17 cm(170 g)2#岩石乳化炸药在无缝钢管中最大殉爆距离为105 cm。单节药量太集中不适合应用于光面爆破装药结构。新型聚能管装药结构单节药量为60 g,为确定60 g 2#岩石乳化炸药+聚能罩的殉爆距离,设计了一系列殉爆试验以验证殉爆有效性及确定有效的殉爆距离。通过前期文献查阅表明不同耦合系数以及不同约束条件对于殉爆距离存在明显影响,经调研目前公路隧道炮孔直径普遍为40 mm,所以采用内径均为40 mm的透明亚克力管、PVC管及无缝钢管作为不同约束条件来确定孔内殉爆距离。
所有试验均采用组合完整的新型聚能管装药,以铝金属聚能罩为聚能装置,在不同约束条件下进行试验,通过高速相机观测透明亚克力管约束下主发炸药驱动聚能装置后产生的射流效果,观察被发药包起爆情况。炸药采用2#岩石乳化炸药,药卷直径为32 mm,长度30 cm,质量为300 g。
选取45 cm作为透明亚克力管约束下初步间隔距离,每次实验增加或减少10 cm间隔距离,无缝钢管约束强于透明亚克力管及PVC管,无缝钢管约束下的初始间隔距离可在PVC管殉爆距离基础上稍微增加。用高速相机观察透明亚克力管约束下被发炸药的殉爆情况,再做PVC管及无缝钢管约束下一节主发炸药与多节被发炸药的连续传爆实验。增加被发炸药数量的目的是与现场装药结构一致,验证连续传爆的稳定性,且相当于多次单发殉爆,减少偶然性,确定稳定殉爆距离。
炸药+聚能罩殉爆试验结果如表1
图2为高速相机所拍间隔35 cm被发炸药未发生殉爆的完整过程。被发炸药发生了爆燃,并未完全引爆。图3为高速相机所拍间隔25 cm被发炸药发生殉爆的完整过程。被发炸药完全引爆,产生大量爆生气体。
图4为组合完整的新型聚能管在PVC管约束下被发炸药发生殉爆时整体效果。间隔25 cm的被发炸药全部被引爆,地面有5个明显凹坑。
试验5中组合完整的新型聚能管在无约束条件下,间隔20 cm无法做到传爆。对比试验4可知,有无约束对殉爆距离影响极大。
图5为被发炸药发生殉爆时无缝钢管断裂整体效果。间隔30 cm的被发炸药完全引爆,钢管在主发与被发炸药装药段均发生断裂。
试验7中无缝钢管在主发炸药位置发生断裂,在被发炸药处无断裂,说明间隔40 cm时被发炸药未殉爆。
PVC管约束下的多节被发炸药殉爆距离为25 cm。使用无缝钢管加强约束,多节被发炸药可以在30 cm间隔距离全部殉爆。当外界约束条件更佳时,殉爆距离也会相应增加。在光面爆破作业中,因炮孔周围岩石的连续性和整体性,使得其对爆炸能量的限制作用更为显著。故相较于实验中无缝钢管条件而言,实际炮孔中约束条件更好。由此可以推断,在炮孔约束条件下,使用等量乳化炸药+聚能罩的殉爆距离,至少会等于在无缝钢管中能达到的最大稳定殉爆距离。因此,在无缝钢管中测得的100%发生殉爆的殉爆距离数据,可以直接应用于隧道周边孔的新型聚能管中。
为验证新型聚能管切缝效果,建立数值模型进行研究。本模拟利用HyperMesh进行前处理,同时采用LSDYNA及LS-prepost分别进行计算及后处理。在XOY平面建立1 m×1 m岩石模型,四周设置无反射边界条件,单元Z方向厚度为1 mm。计算采用流固耦合算法,岩体为固体域,炸药、PVC及空气设为流体域,岩石材料选用Johnson-Holmquist-Concrete模型,采用lagrange单元;PVC网格径向划分为3层,最外一层连接,等效PVC管壁的约束作用。炮孔直径为40 mm,线装药密度200 g/m,炸药等效换算后直径为22 mm,PVC半管圆心角为165°,厚1.5 mm。计算时间为1 ms。
为验证所选材料参数及本构模型的合理性,模拟结果与文献[15]实验中裂纹扩展情况进行对照。数值模拟选用2#岩石乳化炸药,同时将文献中有机玻璃参数换为岩石参数进行计算。空气、2#岩石乳化炸药、PVC及岩石参数如表2表3表4表5所示。
为保证计算精度的同时节省计算资源,炸药的网格尺寸通常小于实际尺寸的1/20,炸药及空气间建立网格过渡区,另外为减少裂纹扩展对网格划分的依赖,对岩体网格部分进行加密[16]。模型划分具体如图6所示。
模拟结果如图7所示,聚能方向产生两道主裂纹,非聚能方向上产生两道次裂纹,数值模拟的裂纹扩展形态与文献实验结果较为接近,验证了数值模拟选取参数的合理性。
在炸药起爆冲击波作用阶段,炸药在切缝管内爆炸,释放出巨大的能量。这一能量以冲击波的形式迅速传播,对周围岩石产生强烈的冲击和压缩作用。由于切缝管的存在,冲击波在切缝管和空气交界面发生透射和反射,导致应力波的传播形式发生变化。相比于普通光面爆破的均匀传播,切缝爆破中的应力波先在切缝方向产生较强的应力集中,形成聚能射流。
进入初始裂纹形成阶段后,聚能射流对岩石介质产生强烈的剪切作用。在切缝方向的应力集中作用下,岩石开始形成初始裂纹。这些裂纹的形成和发展过程受到应力波和爆生气体的共同作用。岩石裂纹扩展如图7所示,10 μs时应力波首先从切缝处到达孔壁,利用切缝处的压力差对孔壁相应位置产生剪切破坏。在40 μs之前岩石在应力波作用下,孔壁上产生6 cm长的初始裂纹。在40 μs后,爆生气体通过其压力和温度作用进一步促进了裂纹的扩展。最终,这些裂纹可以扩展到52 cm长,从而实现岩石的定向断裂。
取炮孔壁周围空气单元AB图8所示,0~300 μs空气单元压力时程曲线如图9所示,切缝方向单元A达到压力峰值的时间早于非切缝方向单元B,垂直方向的峰值约为切缝方向的1/3,切缝管有效地保护了孔壁,实现岩石的定向断裂。
由数值模拟结果可以获得如下规律性认识:聚能装药结构能够大幅改变不同方向的压力,聚能方向的爆生气体压力可以增大到非聚能方向的3倍左右,因此可以在加强炮孔连线方向的断裂面形成基础上减少保留围岩的损伤,减少超挖量。
汾阳至石楼高速公路东山隧道位于吕梁市交口县与石楼县交界的灌林岩山,设计为分离式隧道,属特长隧道。根据地质勘查报告,K69+555~K69+920段,洞体埋深30~85 m,围岩由奥陶系下马家沟组(O2x)泥灰岩、石灰岩组成,属于Ⅳ1级围岩,中风化,节理较发育,岩体较破碎,围岩稳定性较差,洞身位于地下水位以下,有少量地下水通过,一般渗水呈滴水状。由于底部集中装药结构造成严重超挖,试用新型聚能管改善光面爆破效果。
原周边孔装药结构为孔底集中装药,药量为600 g。新爆破方案的周边孔药量不变,装药结构采用新型聚能管。选择纯铝作为金属聚能罩材料,利用32 mm内径PVC半管制作出长2 m的聚能装药结构如图10所示。为方便工人施工如图11所示,将聚能管朝孔底方向用红漆做记号,红色端头装整根炸药放入孔底,切缝处对准炮孔连线。
图12所示为新爆破方案效果图,由图可知新旧炮孔接茬处原爆破方案超挖严重处可达40 cm且整体轮廓不平顺;如图13所示,在聚能作用下,新爆破方案的轮廓面基本沿着周边孔连线方向形成,基本无超欠挖现象,形成良好半孔效果,半孔率达到90%以上。在单孔装药量不变的前提下,普通光面爆破与聚能光面爆破效果对比可知,聚能比非聚能炮孔利用率提高,降低了破坏预留围岩的风险与隐患,最大限度地避免了超欠挖所增加的施工成本和隐患,减少了二衬混凝土工程量,节约了工程施工成本。
通过殉爆试验及数值模拟验证新型聚能管的工程应用可实施性,同时通过现场应用验证其在光面爆破上的爆破效果,结论如下:
(1)60 g 2#岩石乳化炸药+聚能罩可以在炮孔中实现30 cm距离稳定传爆。
(2)数值模拟得出在炮孔直径40 mm,线装药密度200 g/m条件下,单侧裂纹可达26 cm,大于光面爆破的普遍周边孔孔间距40~50 cm。
(3)新型聚能管可以实现岩石定向断裂,爆破后轮廓面沿着周边孔连线方向形成,基本无超欠挖现象,半孔率达到90%以上。
  • 北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KFJJ20-05M)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.019
  • 接收时间:2024-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-23
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20
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Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology(KFJJ20-05M)
北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KFJJ20-05M)
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    太原理工大学 矿业工程学院,太原 030024

通讯作者:

张昌锁(1968-),男,山西省原平人,教授、博士生导师,从事工程爆破及岩土力学方向的研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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