Article(id=1241046463942283997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697904000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818134532, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818134532, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818134532, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818134532, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=25, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046464344937183, articleId=1241046463942283997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study of Rock Burst in Deep Buried Cavern Considering Damage Effect of Surrounding Rock Mass, columnId=1240702071733801442, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EXPLORATION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To further investigate the influence of surrounding rock mass damage on the rock burst mechanism, material selection for simulating the damage zone was carried out, and a test piece containing the damage zone (1000 mm×600 mm×400 mm) was fabricated. Using the self-developed rock burst model test system's drilling device, caverns were excavated in the specimens (with a hole diameter of 110 mm). Rock burst model tests were then conducted on specimens with varying damage zone thickness through step loading, considering the damage effects on the surrounding rock. During the tests, cameras monitored the damage process of the tunnel wall. Image expansion was performed based on the rubber paper model principle, and the box dimension of the expanded image was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the macro-failure process of a rock burst consists of crack initiation, particle ejection, crack propagation, and debris avalanche stages. As the thickness of the damage zone increases, the failure depth of the specimen chamber's side wall gradually increases. In the stage of slow increase and sharp increase in the box dimension of the left and right tunnel walls, the growth rate of the box dimension decreases linearly with the increasing thickness of the damage zone. With the increase in damaged zone thickness, cracks in the tunnel wall primarily concentrate within the damaged zone during loading, and the damage depth of the tunnel wall increases when the cavity is damaged. The findings further elucidate the breeding and failure mechanism of rock bursts in deep-buried caverns under the condition of surrounding rock damage.

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ZHU Wen-hua(1966-), male, Gushi, Henan Province, associate professor, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering teaching and research work, (E-mail) .
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为了深入研究围岩损伤对岩爆机制影响,进行损伤区模拟材料比选,制作含损伤区试件(1000 mm×600 mm×400 mm),利用自主研制的岩爆模型试验系统钻进装置对试件进行洞室开挖(孔径110 mm),随后采取逐级加载的方式对不同损伤区厚度的试件开展了考虑围岩损伤效应的深埋洞室岩爆模型试验,试验过程中利用摄像头监控洞壁破坏过程,基于橡皮纸模型原理对洞壁图像进行图像展开,并对展开图像进行盒维数计算分析。结果表明:岩爆宏观破坏过程分为裂纹萌生、碎粒弹射、裂纹扩展和碎片迸射阶段;随着损伤区厚度增加,试件洞室侧墙破坏深度也逐步增大;在左、右洞壁的盒维数缓慢提升、急剧增长阶段,洞壁盒维数增长率随着损伤区厚度的增加呈直线下降趋势;随着损伤区厚度增加,加载过程中洞壁裂纹主要集中在损伤区内部,洞室破坏时洞壁破坏深度增大。研究成果进一步揭示围岩损伤条件下深埋洞室岩爆孕育与破坏机制。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
祝文化(1966-),男,河南省固始县,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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李伦(1997-),男,安徽省阜阳市,硕士,主要研究方向为岩土工程,(E-mail)

LI Lun (1997-), male, Fuyang, Anhui Province, master degree, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering research work, (E-mail) .

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李伦(1997-),男,安徽省阜阳市,硕士,主要研究方向为岩土工程,(E-mail)

LI Lun (1997-), male, Fuyang, Anhui Province, master degree, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering research work, (E-mail) .

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李伦(1997-),男,安徽省阜阳市,硕士,主要研究方向为岩土工程,(E-mail)

LI Lun (1997-), male, Fuyang, Anhui Province, master degree, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering research work, (E-mail) .

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ArticleFig(id=1241057547973612514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046463942283997, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Damage zone thickness and box dimension growth rate fitting diagram, figureFileSmall=gCzr+Dq6lOpuoI8140vVfQ==, figureFileBig=lTHRniIHxNqoTiA0SXK1Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057549529699311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046463942283997, language=CN, label=图16, caption=损伤区厚度与盒维数增长率拟合图, figureFileSmall=gCzr+Dq6lOpuoI8140vVfQ==, figureFileBig=lTHRniIHxNqoTiA0SXK1Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241057549693277180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046463942283997, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model specimen number and specification

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试件编号洞径/cm松动圈厚度Lp/cm松动圈云母片掺比/(片/cm3)
A1100
B40.0356
C60.0356
D80.0356
), ArticleFig(id=1241057549856854025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046463942283997, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型试件编号及规格

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试件编号洞径/cm松动圈厚度Lp/cm松动圈云母片掺比/(片/cm3)
A1100
B40.0356
C60.0356
D80.0356
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考虑围岩损伤效应的深埋洞室岩爆试验研究
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李伦 1, 2 , 祝文化 2 , 夏元友 2 , 王世煜 2 , 唐直帆 2
爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025,42(1): 18-25
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爆破 | 理论与技术探索 2025, 42(1): 18-25
考虑围岩损伤效应的深埋洞室岩爆试验研究
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李伦1, 2 , 祝文化2 , 夏元友2, 王世煜2, 唐直帆2
作者信息
  • 1.中铁二十局集团有限公司,西安 710000
  • 2.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070
  • 李伦(1997-),男,安徽省阜阳市,硕士,主要研究方向为岩土工程,(E-mail)

    LI Lun (1997-), male, Fuyang, Anhui Province, master degree, mainly engaged in geotechnical engineering research work, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

祝文化(1966-),男,河南省固始县,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
Experimental Study of Rock Burst in Deep Buried Cavern Considering Damage Effect of Surrounding Rock Mass
Lun LI1, 2 , Wen-hua ZHU2 , Yuan-you XIA2, Shi-yu WANG2, Zhi-fan TANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Railway 20th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.003
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为了深入研究围岩损伤对岩爆机制影响,进行损伤区模拟材料比选,制作含损伤区试件(1000 mm×600 mm×400 mm),利用自主研制的岩爆模型试验系统钻进装置对试件进行洞室开挖(孔径110 mm),随后采取逐级加载的方式对不同损伤区厚度的试件开展了考虑围岩损伤效应的深埋洞室岩爆模型试验,试验过程中利用摄像头监控洞壁破坏过程,基于橡皮纸模型原理对洞壁图像进行图像展开,并对展开图像进行盒维数计算分析。结果表明:岩爆宏观破坏过程分为裂纹萌生、碎粒弹射、裂纹扩展和碎片迸射阶段;随着损伤区厚度增加,试件洞室侧墙破坏深度也逐步增大;在左、右洞壁的盒维数缓慢提升、急剧增长阶段,洞壁盒维数增长率随着损伤区厚度的增加呈直线下降趋势;随着损伤区厚度增加,加载过程中洞壁裂纹主要集中在损伤区内部,洞室破坏时洞壁破坏深度增大。研究成果进一步揭示围岩损伤条件下深埋洞室岩爆孕育与破坏机制。

洞室  /  损伤效应  /  岩爆  /  盒维数  /  图像展开

To further investigate the influence of surrounding rock mass damage on the rock burst mechanism, material selection for simulating the damage zone was carried out, and a test piece containing the damage zone (1000 mm×600 mm×400 mm) was fabricated. Using the self-developed rock burst model test system's drilling device, caverns were excavated in the specimens (with a hole diameter of 110 mm). Rock burst model tests were then conducted on specimens with varying damage zone thickness through step loading, considering the damage effects on the surrounding rock. During the tests, cameras monitored the damage process of the tunnel wall. Image expansion was performed based on the rubber paper model principle, and the box dimension of the expanded image was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the macro-failure process of a rock burst consists of crack initiation, particle ejection, crack propagation, and debris avalanche stages. As the thickness of the damage zone increases, the failure depth of the specimen chamber's side wall gradually increases. In the stage of slow increase and sharp increase in the box dimension of the left and right tunnel walls, the growth rate of the box dimension decreases linearly with the increasing thickness of the damage zone. With the increase in damaged zone thickness, cracks in the tunnel wall primarily concentrate within the damaged zone during loading, and the damage depth of the tunnel wall increases when the cavity is damaged. The findings further elucidate the breeding and failure mechanism of rock bursts in deep-buried caverns under the condition of surrounding rock damage.

cavern  /  damage effect  /  rock burst  /  box dimension  /  image expansion
李伦, 祝文化, 夏元友, 王世煜, 唐直帆. 考虑围岩损伤效应的深埋洞室岩爆试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 18 -25 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.003
Lun LI, Wen-hua ZHU, Yuan-you XIA, Shi-yu WANG, Zhi-fan TANG. Experimental Study of Rock Burst in Deep Buried Cavern Considering Damage Effect of Surrounding Rock Mass[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 18 -25 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.003
随着建筑工程逐步深入地下,工程建设时刻面临着深部岩体“三高一扰动”等复杂力学环境的挑战。其中,在高地应力以及动力扰动等因素作用下岩爆已成为一种常见的地质灾害,严重威胁着深部工程的安全建设[1]
钱七虎院士曾提出,岩爆的发生是由于围岩中应力场的变化,或直接导致围岩破坏碎化和弹射,或通过围岩中已有或新生结构面滑移引起围岩破坏和弹射[2]。目前,物理模型试验是研究岩爆孕育机制的重要方法,相关研究者大多开展室内模型试验[3-5],并通过声发射、影像等数据揭示岩爆机理。但已开展的物理模型试验大多将岩体视为完整的连续介质,虽在一定程度上揭示了岩爆孕育机制,但与岩体实际结构不符。在实际工程中,岩体是各向异性非连续介质,岩体中原生结构面以及受扰动所形成的结构面都影响着岩体力学性质,Zhang C等研究结果表明围岩应力的调整会导致岩体应力集中[6],从而加剧能量积聚,影响岩爆的爆发。同时杜岩等利用弹簧来模拟岩爆体受到的能量作用[7],并设置潜在结构面,得出结构面弱化的时空差异影响着岩爆发生的形式;何满潮等开展具有不同层理倾角岩样卸荷岩爆试验[8],发现层理倾角影响着岩爆发生的难易程度;周辉等从锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞施工中发现结构面影响着岩爆的发生[910],并通过齿状结构面直剪试验进行二者影响机制的深入研究。因此,深部岩体开挖引起的损伤在一定程度上影响着岩爆的发生。
上述研究虽然表明了岩体损伤对岩爆的发生有着一定程度的影响,但大多利用少数规则结构面进行研究,与实际不符。针对以上不足,本文进行损伤区模拟材料比选,利用自主研制的岩爆模型试验装置,对不同损伤区厚度的试件开展了考虑围岩损伤效应的岩爆模型试验,利用橡皮纸模型对加载过程中洞壁图像进行平面展开,并以分形理论为基础研究加载过程中洞壁图像分形特征,深入研究岩体损伤对岩爆发生作用机制。
试验系统(见图1)主要由试验加载系统和试验监测系统组成。试验加载系统主要为课题组自主研发的YB-A型气液复合真三轴试验装置与钻进开挖装置;试验监测系统主要由声发射监测仪和摄像装置组成。
模拟岩爆完整区岩体的材料,需满足完整性好、有显著的脆性特征两个条件,根据课题组研究成果[3],选取水膏比为0.85的α型半水石膏作为完整区相似模型材料。对于弱化区域模拟,为保证大型石膏模型试件完整性,选用一体浇筑成型工艺。谢和平的研究结果表明[11],当岩石受到爆炸或切割力的作用时,会发生破碎,由于三角形结构面耗量最少,碎块最稳定的结构面通常是三角形。因此,结合已有研究成果选取选用图2中边长为1.5 cm正三角形云母片[1213],并在试件浇筑时随搅拌将其置于洞周区域,以达到围岩损伤的模拟效果。
为选取弱化区云母片掺比,浇筑含有不同数量云母片的15 cm×15 cm×15 cm标准立方体石膏试件,进行其力学参数及波速测试,结果如图3。根据声波波速、单轴抗压强度以及抗拉强度随云母片密度增加变化曲线,标准立方体试件中云母片数量多于120片,声波波速、单轴抗压强度以及抗拉强度趋于稳定,因此选用标准立方体试件中预置120片云母片对应掺入密度模拟围岩损伤区,即云母片密度为0.0356片/cm3
为研究不同损伤区厚度对洞室岩爆孕育破坏的影响,根据巷道支护围岩松动圈分类表选定小松动圈和中松动圈进行模型试验,即Lp=0 cm、60 cm、90 cm、120 cm。依照课题组已有试验成果[3],洞室模型试验的几何相似系数设计为1∶15,即模型试件松动圈厚度Lp=0 cm、4 cm、6 cm、8 cm,模型尺寸如图4,具体规格见表1
试件尺寸较大,在浇筑过程会发生水化热反应大量放热,导致试件产生较大变形,同时为方便监测器件的布置以及试件干燥保养,试件由两块1000 mm×600 mm×200 mm的试件合模而成。试件制作采用先浇筑合模,后钻进开洞的方法,以保证洞室一体性和洞壁光滑,开洞效果见图5,可见洞室位置处于试件中心,洞壁光滑,且能看到预置云母片均匀分布在洞壁,说明损伤区浇筑方法以及洞室开挖满足试验设计。
为了模拟深埋洞室应力状态,使用增加试件顶部竖向荷载的方法来模拟在深部洞室受上方岩体自重应力影响下的应力条件,试件加载示意图见图6。设定竖向荷载σz和侧向荷载σy按照3∶1的比例同步施加;轴向荷载σx小于1 MPa时,与侧向荷载σy按照1∶1的比例同步施加,当轴向荷载σx=1 MPa时,保持1 MPa稳压状态。初始顶部荷载从0.5 MPa逐级加载,每级荷载稳压10 min再施加下一级荷载,加载路径如图7所示。
将试件按照试验设计方案进行加载,在加载过程中,通过工业相机对试洞室内部宏观岩爆破坏过程进行全程录像,图8~图11为4块试件宏观破坏图像。试件的宏观破坏现象表明,岩爆破坏过程可分为裂纹萌生、碎粒弹射、裂纹扩展和碎片崩射四个阶段,下面以试件A为例进行说明。随着荷载的逐级施加,在第5级荷载(σxσy=0.83 MPa,σz=2.5 MPa)时,洞壁左右边墙各萌生两道贯穿整个洞室的细微裂纹,并与轴线方向大致平行,如图8(a);施加至第6级荷载(σxσy= 1.0 MPa,σz=3.0 MPa)时,在裂纹萌生扩展的同时,有少量碎粒弹射崩落,如图8(b);荷载增加至第7级(σx=1.0 MPa,σy=1.17 MPa,σz=3.5 MPa)时,如图8(c),左右洞壁裂纹迅速扩展,且在裂纹处挤出碎片,形成洞壁鼓折;当荷载增加至第9级(σx=1.0 MPa,σy= 1.5 MPa,σz=4.5 MPa)时,如图8(d),左右洞壁裂纹剧烈扩展蔓延,洞室顶部向下发生位移,左右洞壁向洞室内部挤出,并在这一过程大量碎块迅速由左右洞壁崩落、弹射,两侧洞壁形成“V”型槽,试件失稳破坏。
试件的宏观破坏现象表明,4块试件洞室岩爆破坏过程皆可分为裂纹萌生、碎粒弹射、裂纹扩展和碎片崩射四个阶段。同时从破坏图像可发现4块试件洞内崩落碎块呈薄片状或薄楔型,且与最大主应力方向垂直的两侧洞壁均产生了“V”型爆坑,与实际工程现象一致,试验结果具有一定的代表性。对破坏后试件进行分析,试件ABCD破坏深度分别为10%、13%、14%和19%洞室宽度,随着损伤区厚度增加,试件洞室侧墙破坏深度也逐步增大。
Daugman提出的橡皮纸模型可利用极坐标转换方法将图像进行归一化展开[14],其原理如图12所示,模型假设图像纹理的相对位置在平移、缩放和旋转时不会改变,使用极坐标转换将环形图像变换为矩形图像,并使用插值法来处理内边缘缺少的像素点。通常情况下外圆和内圆圆心相距较近,可近似认为外圆和内圆圆心重合。在这里把外圆定义为以坐标(xoyo)为圆心的圆,从圆心(xoyo)发出的任何一条射线与外圆和内圆交点PQ是可以确定坐标的,线段PQ上的任何一点都可以用РQ的线性组合来表示
经过上述变换就可以将环状图像从平面直角坐标系统I(xy)变换到I(rθ)空间。
利用Matlab对测试图像进行图像展开测试,测试图像如图13(a)。首先确定图像中心坐标,如图13(b),基于橡皮纸模型利用Matlab所编写程序,以图像中心坐标为圆心,进行极坐标转换,同时利用interp2函数进行二维网格数据插值,最终得到平面展开图,见图13(c)。为保证洞壁图像信息被充分利用,在确定展开区域外圆时,将部分空白区域纳入展开图中,展开后这些空白区域便是13(c)中的黑色区域。洞壁平面展开图连续平滑,原始图像中的特征信息皆在平面展开图中体现,说明橡皮纸模型应用在洞壁检测图像展开中较为可行。利用Matlab中rectangle函数截取固定像素区域,分别得到图13(d)、(e)所示的左、右洞壁图像。
进行盒维数计算时,需要对图像进行二值化处理。为检验二值化处理效果,选取洞壁破坏前期图图14(a)进行测试。从图14(b)中可发现对图像只进行二值化处理,损失了大部分的裂纹图像信息特征。为突出裂纹信息特征,利用Canny边缘检测算法对图像进行图像增强[15],并进行二值化处理。处理后二值化图像见图14(c),经过Canny边缘检测算法处理后的图像更为光滑,可以凸显图像中裂纹信息特征。
盒维数也是一种分形维数,用于度量图像的分形特征。盒维数法的基本思想是将一条分形曲线覆盖在一个由相等大小的正方形组成的网格中,然后计算覆盖该曲线所需的正方形数量随着正方形尺寸的变化而变化的趋势。具体来说,通过改变盒子的尺寸,计算出覆盖分形曲线所需的总盒子数,并将总盒子数与盒子尺寸之间的关系作为曲线的维数,只需确定任意两步码尺δ以及对应盒子数目N,便可以得到
在盒子覆盖过程中会得到一组(δN)数据,将其绘制在双对数坐标图中,其斜率k就是该集合的盒维数Dg
试件未破坏时,截取每级荷载稳压五分钟后的洞内图像,试件失稳破坏前期,将洞内图像作为对应荷载等级的图像,利用Matlab编写程序,完成洞内图像展开、左右洞壁区域截取、Canny算法图像增强以及图像盒维数计算,通过盒维数的变化分析加载过程中洞内破坏分形特征,计算结果如图15
通过加载过程洞壁图像盒维数分析,可从图像盒维数演变角度得到洞室岩爆破坏过程的3个阶段:(1)保持稳定阶段,洞壁图像盒维数稳定于某一区间,试件没有明显裂纹产生,试件在前期荷载作用下趋于密实,图像盒维数变化不大。(2)缓慢增长阶段,图像盒维数表现为小幅度上升,试件在荷载持续作用下,洞壁表面逐渐出现轻微裂纹,并持续扩展。(3)急剧增长阶段,图像盒维数急剧增大,变化速率明显大于前两个阶段。此时,洞壁上裂纹沿轴向快速扩展连通、变大。急剧增长阶段历时较短,岩爆破坏瞬间产生。因此,可将洞壁图像盒维数作为岩爆发生、发展及烈度预测和评价的重要指标。
对试件缓慢增长和急剧增长阶段进行盒维数线性拟合,得到各个阶段的盒维数增长率与损伤区厚度关系。如图16所示,在左、右洞壁的盒维数缓慢提升、急剧增长阶段,洞壁盒维数增长率随着损伤区厚度的增加呈直线下降趋势。对于左洞壁,两个阶段盒维数增长率与损伤区厚度之间拟合直线斜率分别为-0.402、-1.642;对于右洞壁,两个阶段盒维数增长率与损伤区厚度之间拟合直线斜率分别为-0.31、-0.425。在左、右洞壁的盒维数缓慢提升、急剧增长阶段,洞壁盒维数增长率随着损伤区厚度的增加呈直线下降趋势。随着损伤区厚度的增加,加载过程中洞壁裂纹主要集中在损伤区内部,岩爆发生前裂纹的扩展和贯通消耗的能量较大,洞室破坏时洞壁破坏深度增大。
采用自主研发的气液复合型岩爆模型试验装置,对具有不同损伤厚度的深埋圆形洞室在自重应力下岩爆破坏过程,得到以下结论:
(1)通过洞周损伤区模拟,对试件采用先开洞、后加载的方式能够再现深埋洞室岩爆现象,该试验方法更符合工程实际。
(2)可将岩爆破坏过程分为裂纹萌生、碎粒弹射、裂纹扩展和碎片崩射阶段。岩爆发生时,洞内崩落碎块呈薄片状或薄楔型;试件的破坏主要集中在洞室两侧洞壁,与最大主应力方向垂直的两侧洞壁均产生了“V”型爆坑;随着损伤区厚度增加,试件洞室侧墙破坏深度也逐步增大。
(3)基于橡皮纸模型,利用Matlab对洞内图像进行平面展开,并进行左、右洞壁图像提取以及图像增强,以进行动态盒维数计算。可将动态盒维数变化曲线分为3个阶段:保持稳定阶段—缓慢提升阶段—急剧增长阶段,与宏观破坏现象相对应。在左、右洞壁的盒维数缓慢提升、急剧增长阶段,洞壁盒维数增长率随着损伤区厚度的增加呈直线下降趋势。随着损伤区厚度和损伤程度的增加,加载过程中洞壁裂纹主要集中在损伤区内部,洞室破坏时洞壁破坏深度增大。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42077228)
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.003
  • 接收时间:2023-10-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-22
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077228)
国家自然科学基金(42077228)
作者信息
    1.中铁二十局集团有限公司,西安 710000
    2.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070

通讯作者:

祝文化(1966-),男,河南省固始县,副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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