Article(id=1241046460263887137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714147200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773818133655, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773818133655, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773818133655, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773818133655, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241046461174043350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773818133871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773820872662, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241057948554817924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1241046461174043350, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241046460859478307, articleId=1241046460263887137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Blasting Demolition Technology for Building with Oval Frame and Core Tube Structure, columnId=1240702072073548400, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study addresses the blasting demolition of an 18-story oval frame-core tube structure. Systematic analysis revealed that the structure's small height-width ratio and long span contribute to potential instability and collapse, with uneven stress distribution due to irregular shear wall placement within the core tube. To mitigate these challenges, delayed blasting and auxiliary weakening techniques were employed. The approach included pre-treatments such as splitting and cutting to transform the cylindrical structure into a wall-like form, reducing deviation during collapse. The building was divided into four blasting zones with increasing delay times, particularly extending the delay for the last two zones by 1 second to ensure sequential support point failure and prevent incomplete collapse. Additionally, the upper and lower double-incision folding blasting method was utilized to control vibration upon ground impact and enhance overall dissociation. The demolition process, lasting approximately 5 seconds, resulted in the building collapsing primarily along the designed direction with minimal backseat movement and evident structural failures. The sequential floor folding and concentrated pile blasting demonstrated effective demolition.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GAO Peng-fei (1989-), male, doctor, senior engineer, engaged in the research of blasting construction management and blasting technology, (E-mail) .
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针对某地18层椭圆形框架-核心筒结构楼房爆破拆除工况,通过系统分析楼房受力特征发现:椭圆形框筒结构楼房高宽比小、跨度长等特点,易发生后座甚至塌而不倒现象,核心筒内部剪力墙分布不规则,倒塌时易出现应力分布不均现象,导致楼体偏移设计方向。针对上述工程难点,设计时采用延期爆破、辅助弱化方式进行爆破拆除,首先通过拆分切割、化筒为墙等预处理方式破坏楼房抗侧移结构属性,避免楼体倒塌时发生偏移,再将爆破切口细致划分成4个爆破分区并逐步增大各区延期时间,尤其是将最后两分区延期时间提高至1 s,实现余留区域支撑点前移,避免塌而不倒现象,同时适当增大最末段起爆区域的支撑面积以控制后座,设计中选用上下双切口折叠爆破方法,控制楼房触地振动幅度,提高楼房整体解离效果。现场爆破拆除时,椭圆形楼房倒塌过程历时约5 s,基本沿设计方向倒塌,存在轻微后座,支柱失效明显,各层楼板依次折叠,爆堆集中,拆除爆破效果良好,为类似工程提供了借鉴。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高朋飞(1989-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3oI4B/HxnYPqG1mxF3UfQg==, magXml=FSNxMMDcxzKMC6qjng0Hdw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kWf4tUSZsSAg/sUVceIkAg==, pdfFileSize=9493157, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nRLoMDyEK0H1j66mKtZDIA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TGxH1i8yTHNs+aO/ljlqDQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

夏治园(1995-),男,硕士、工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)

XIA Zhi-yuan (1995-), male, master, engineer, engaged in the research of blasting construction management and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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夏治园(1995-),男,硕士、工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)

XIA Zhi-yuan (1995-), male, master, engineer, engaged in the research of blasting construction management and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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夏治园(1995-),男,硕士、工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)

XIA Zhi-yuan (1995-), male, master, engineer, engaged in the research of blasting construction management and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on demolition principle and application of ultra-high chimney by co-directional folding blasting in complex environment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241057563844858384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, awardId=AHBP2022A-02, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Project of Anhui Blasting Equipment and Technology Engineering Laboratory Open Fund(AHBP2022A-02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241057563920355861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, awardId=AHBP2022A-02, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金重点项目(AHBP2022A-02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241057564016824855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, awardId=ZL201908, language=EN, fundingSource=Anhui University of Science and Technology Patent Transformation and Cultivation Project(ZL201908), 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Blasting parameters of columns and beams in buildings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
截面尺寸/(cm×cm)最小抵抗线/m孔距/m排距/cm孔深/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3)单孔装药量/kg
ϕ 900.450.30/0.702.600.50
ϕ 800.400.30/0.602.600.40
70×400.200.30/0.502.000.22
), ArticleFig(id=1241057563261850101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

楼房立柱和梁的爆破参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
截面尺寸/(cm×cm)最小抵抗线/m孔距/m排距/cm孔深/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3)单孔装药量/kg
ϕ 900.450.30/0.702.600.50
ϕ 800.400.30/0.602.600.40
70×400.200.30/0.502.000.22
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Blasting parameters of shear wall and floor slab of building

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剪力墙厚度/m最小抵抗线/m孔距/m排距/m孔深/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3)单孔装药量/kg
0.2500.1250.2500.2000.1806.0000.080
), ArticleFig(id=1241057563471565311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

楼房剪力墙及楼板爆破参数

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剪力墙厚度/m最小抵抗线/m孔距/m排距/m孔深/m炸药单耗/(kg·m-3)单孔装药量/kg
0.2500.1250.2500.2000.1806.0000.080
), ArticleFig(id=1241057563538674178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution Table of delay time in building holes

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层数1区域/ms2区域/ms3区域/ms4区域/ms
11~12层161016501700 
6层310   
5层250550  
4层2005501500 
3层15055015002500
2层11055015002500
1层11055015002500
), ArticleFig(id=1241057563609977350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1241046460263887137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

楼房孔内延期时间分布表

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层数1区域/ms2区域/ms3区域/ms4区域/ms
11~12层161016501700 
6层310   
5层250550  
4层2005501500 
3层15055015002500
2层11055015002500
1层11055015002500
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椭圆形框架核心筒结构楼房爆破拆除技术研究
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夏治园 1 , 杨帆 1, 2 , 王刚 3 , 马立飞 1 , 杨翎 1 , 陈欢 1 , 罗国安 1 , 高朋飞 2, 3
爆破 | 拆除爆破 2025,42(1): 116-124
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爆破 | 拆除爆破 2025, 42(1): 116-124
椭圆形框架核心筒结构楼房爆破拆除技术研究
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夏治园1 , 杨帆1, 2, 王刚3, 马立飞1, 杨翎1, 陈欢1, 罗国安1, 高朋飞2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.安徽江南爆破工程有限公司,宣城 242300
  • 2.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
  • 3.安徽江南化工股份有限公司,合肥 230000
  • 夏治园(1995-),男,硕士、工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)

    XIA Zhi-yuan (1995-), male, master, engineer, engaged in the research of blasting construction management and blasting technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

高朋飞(1989-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)
Study on Blasting Demolition Technology for Building with Oval Frame and Core Tube Structure
Zhi-yuan XIA1 , Fan YANG1, 2, Gang WANG3, Li-fei MA1, Ling YANG1, Huan CHEN1, Guo-an LUO1, Peng-fei GAO2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Anhui Jiangnan Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd., Xuancheng 242300, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  • 3.Anhui Jiangnan Chemical Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014
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针对某地18层椭圆形框架-核心筒结构楼房爆破拆除工况,通过系统分析楼房受力特征发现:椭圆形框筒结构楼房高宽比小、跨度长等特点,易发生后座甚至塌而不倒现象,核心筒内部剪力墙分布不规则,倒塌时易出现应力分布不均现象,导致楼体偏移设计方向。针对上述工程难点,设计时采用延期爆破、辅助弱化方式进行爆破拆除,首先通过拆分切割、化筒为墙等预处理方式破坏楼房抗侧移结构属性,避免楼体倒塌时发生偏移,再将爆破切口细致划分成4个爆破分区并逐步增大各区延期时间,尤其是将最后两分区延期时间提高至1 s,实现余留区域支撑点前移,避免塌而不倒现象,同时适当增大最末段起爆区域的支撑面积以控制后座,设计中选用上下双切口折叠爆破方法,控制楼房触地振动幅度,提高楼房整体解离效果。现场爆破拆除时,椭圆形楼房倒塌过程历时约5 s,基本沿设计方向倒塌,存在轻微后座,支柱失效明显,各层楼板依次折叠,爆堆集中,拆除爆破效果良好,为类似工程提供了借鉴。

椭圆形楼房  /  框架-核心筒  /  爆破参数设计  /  控制爆破  /  倒塌条件

This study addresses the blasting demolition of an 18-story oval frame-core tube structure. Systematic analysis revealed that the structure's small height-width ratio and long span contribute to potential instability and collapse, with uneven stress distribution due to irregular shear wall placement within the core tube. To mitigate these challenges, delayed blasting and auxiliary weakening techniques were employed. The approach included pre-treatments such as splitting and cutting to transform the cylindrical structure into a wall-like form, reducing deviation during collapse. The building was divided into four blasting zones with increasing delay times, particularly extending the delay for the last two zones by 1 second to ensure sequential support point failure and prevent incomplete collapse. Additionally, the upper and lower double-incision folding blasting method was utilized to control vibration upon ground impact and enhance overall dissociation. The demolition process, lasting approximately 5 seconds, resulted in the building collapsing primarily along the designed direction with minimal backseat movement and evident structural failures. The sequential floor folding and concentrated pile blasting demonstrated effective demolition.

oval building  /  frame-core tube  /  blasting parameter design  /  controlled blasting  /  collapse condition
夏治园, 杨帆, 王刚, 马立飞, 杨翎, 陈欢, 罗国安, 高朋飞. 椭圆形框架核心筒结构楼房爆破拆除技术研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (1) : 116 -124 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014
Zhi-yuan XIA, Fan YANG, Gang WANG, Li-fei MA, Ling YANG, Huan CHEN, Guo-an LUO, Peng-fei GAO. Study on Blasting Demolition Technology for Building with Oval Frame and Core Tube Structure[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (1) : 116 -124 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014
随着我国城市改扩建进程的不断加速,高耸建筑物群越来越多地出现在人们的视野中[12],为保障高耸建筑物结构稳定,设计过程中通常会采用框架-核心筒组合结构。框架-核心筒结构由框架和芯筒构成,芯筒具有较强的抗侧移刚度,框架、芯筒均可承担竖向荷载,结构整体刚度大且高度可达百米至几百米[34],能有效抵御台风和地震灾害[56]。然而,“框架-核心筒”结构筒体一般采用现浇钢筋混凝土或高强度钢筋混凝土,其强度大,整体性好且该类建筑物内部结构复杂[7],基本无法用机械和人工方法进行拆除,因此框架-核心筒结构建筑物拆除常会考虑采用钻爆法。
在框架-核心筒建筑物爆破拆除研究方面:杨国梁采用共节点分离式钢筋混凝土模型对典型的框-筒结构的折叠拆除进行三维模拟研究[8]。吴建宇采用多段延时起爆技术进行框筒楼房爆破拆除[9],并对倒塌过程进行了仿真分析。费鸿禄提出框筒楼房“立体化渐变起爆”方法[10],实现空间上延时起爆。杨志红采用双切口对向倒塌爆破拆除两栋高层框架核心筒结构大楼[11],唐启超采用非电多回路网格式起爆网路实现了同向双切口定向爆破拆除[12]。费鸿禄采用“内向折叠”的爆破拆除方案成功拆除6层框-筒结构的建筑物[13]
就现有研究成果来看,目前对于框架-核心筒结构高层楼房爆破拆除工况相对较少,成熟经验较为有限,对于形状不规则框筒结构楼房爆破拆除更是鲜有研究,本文基于某地18层椭圆形框架-核心筒结构烂尾楼,通过系统分析了楼房结构受力特征,提出了克服工程重难点相关措施,精确计算了爆破参数并提出了相关优化方案,顺利拆除了该栋不规则框筒结构楼房。
现有待拆椭圆形楼房,因烂尾已超过5年,严重阻碍了当地经济发展,需进行爆破拆除。楼房周边环境较为复杂,东距28 m为“景观河”,以远距60 m为在建楼房。南距8 m为新建规划道路,以远为待开发用地或场平区等。西侧60 m为建筑群,远至陵园路(距350 m),西北侧有两栋待拆楼房。北侧105 m有部分待拆除楼房,远至阳德路(距260 m),楼房周边环境如图1所示。
椭圆形楼房主楼为18层,裙楼3层。平面结构为椭圆形,长轴36 m,短轴31.5 m。主楼为框架-核心筒结构,1楼层间高度为5 m,2至18楼的层间高度均为3.7 m,主楼地面以上的总高度为72.2 m,爆破拆除的总建筑面积为27921 m2
楼房在平面布置上沿椭圆轮廓线布置有16根立柱,立柱断面为圆形,3层以上直径为0.8 m,1~2层直径为0.9 m。立柱的层间高度:第1层高为5.0 m,梁下高度为4.3 m;第2层以上高度分别为3.7 m。立柱层间分布有径向的大梁,大梁断面规格为:宽×高=0.4×0.7 m,两根大梁之间分布有结构小梁,断面规格为:宽×高=0.25×0.4 m。向心方向距7.0 m为砌块墙构成的环形廊道,环形廊道宽2.0 m。中心部分为框架-核心筒+砌块墙构成的筒形结构,分布有电梯井、楼梯间和管线井等。中心部分平面结构同样为椭圆形,长轴17.7 m,短轴12.9 m。中心筒形断面沿长轴方向被电梯等候厅廊道分成两部分,形成上、下(北为上)两个椭圆弓形,厅廊宽度为3.0 m;剪力墙厚度为0.25 m,圈梁以下高度3.0 m,两个弓形剪力墙的总长度为65.85 m,楼房实际形态及平面结构如图2图3所示。
综合考虑楼房结构、周边环境等多种因素发现本爆破工程存在以下难点:
(1)椭圆形楼房结构为不规则框架-核心筒结构,核心筒平面结构呈椭圆形,内部不规则布置有多个隔间,各隔间剪力墙分布奇特,剪力墙布置沿楼房长、短轴线均呈明显的不对称分布,且剪力墙数量呈现北部多,南部少,西部多,东部少等特点,见图3,剪力墙间更是布置有大量不规则过道,易导致倒塌过程出现应力分布不均,导致楼房整体或部分偏移。
(2)楼房椭圆形短轴两侧分别有围墙、粮台路和景观河,因此不能选择沿短轴方向倒塌,只能选择长轴方向,这样会导致高宽比由原来的2.29降至2.0,增加了重心偏移的距离,增大了楼房塌而不倒的风险。
(3)楼有内外两个圈梁,9×0.4×0.7 m结构梁16根,7×0.25×0.40 m结构梁16根,筒体结构的圈梁进一步提高了楼房稳定性,易出现楼房塌而不倒的危险情况。
(4)椭圆形楼房的主要承重构件为立柱和核心筒,中心核心筒部位结构复杂,立柱排数少,排间跨度大,势能转换快,不易控制后座,而楼房离南侧围墙和围墙外粮台路不足10 m,为保障市政管线、路灯等设施安全,应保证爆破时不能发生明显后座,因此需要精心设计、严密防护,控制好倒塌方向和爆破飞石。
(5)楼房钢筋砼立柱、核心筒结构,整体强度高,质量大,易产生较大的触地振动,对周围建筑造成损害,且倒塌后不易完全解体,会对后续渣堆处理造成一定难度。
(1)针对椭圆形楼房结构不规则,倒塌过程易出现应力分布不均,设计将爆破切口内所有支柱、核心筒体、非承重墙全部拆除,其中核心筒体先预处理,化筒为墙,预处理墙体开凿以及后续钻孔爆破均沿倒塌中心线对称作业,避免出现应力不均匀现象。
(2)鉴于楼房高宽比2.0左右,爆破分区时,将最后两片区延期时间适当增加,实现支撑点前移效果,从而保障楼房顺利倾倒。
(3)内外两圈梁采用弱化爆破处理方式,破坏其结构稳定性。
(4)面对椭圆形楼房南侧围墙和围墙外粮台路不足10 m需控制后座问题,爆破分区时适当增大最后分区的面积,避免分散楼房倾倒时的拉压应力,避免应力集中导致立柱提前断裂,产生明显后座。
(5)对于楼房整体强度高,不易解离,质量大,易产生较大的触地振动问题,爆破设计时考虑采用双切口折叠爆破方式。
由于楼房的结构平面布局为椭圆形且长轴方向为北偏西呈45°角,呈轴对称布置。根据楼房周围的爆破环境,兼顾北、西两个方向上均为待拆除的烂尾建筑以及足够的倒塌空间、场地条件等,确定楼房爆破的倒塌方向为北偏西45°方向。
高层建筑物爆破时偶尔会出现倾而不倒或部分不倒现象,如何保证建筑物全部倒塌是爆破切口高度设计需要考虑的重要因素[1415]。高层建筑物整体爆破倒塌爆破切口必须满足两个条件:一是楼房倾倒时重力矩必须大于预留支撑的截面抗矩,二是爆破切口闭合时,楼房重心必须在楼房触地点的外侧。根据这两个条件,利用图4所示的楼房倾倒的平面简化计算模型,可计算出爆破切口高度。
图4所示,建筑物的重心高度为HC,爆破切口高度h,爆破切口角度α,爆破后整个建筑物将绕A点轴转动,重心O的转动半径是AO,爆破切口的上切点E,以AE为半径转动。如果选取的转动角α,上切点E在倾倒落地时,E′将成为楼房的新支撑点,此时若重心的转动半径AO在水平方向上投影AO″大于切口半径AE′,楼房将以E′为铰链点继续旋转,直至完全倒塌,即要想实现建筑物顺利倒塌,整个建筑物的重心O′,一定会偏过E点的着地点E′点。
根据分析可得,令重心转动半径
半径AO′在水平方向上投影
根据三角函数关系
将上述几何关系代入楼房整体倾倒条件
结合式(5)可得
结合式(7)可得,化简得
解不等式得两根为
其中上式成立条件为
由此可得
对式(13)进行调整,得
采用整体爆破定向倒塌方式应符合上述楼房高宽比的倾倒条件,否则就会发生楼房爆破后倾而不倒的情况,尤其是高层楼房,更要科学计算和合理选择爆破切口的设计参数,保证楼房充分地倒塌。倒塌角度α,一般取25°~40°。
根据场地条件以及椭圆形楼房结构特点,楼房沿着北偏西45°方向倒塌。楼房高72.2 m,长轴长36 m,高宽比
由此可见,楼房不满足以纵向边缘为支撑点的定向倒塌条件,为此把支撑点(转动铰链)前移两根柱子,以7~11号柱为支撑点(转动铰链),同时把延期区域第三部分和第二部分之间的延期时间扩大为1 s左右,以达到支撑点前移的目的。计算可得,支撑点共前移11.8 m。
此时已满足定向倒塌的条件,取α=30°,计算可得h=20.7 m,代入式(14)计算发现符合理论设计要求。
考虑到椭圆形钢混结构楼房质量大,易发生后坐,设计在倒塌方向上对楼房多段分区,共分为4个区域,同时适当增大第4区域面积,分散楼房倾倒过程中产生的拉、压应力,避免出现应力集中现象导致立柱提前断裂,产生后座。
根据设计思路对楼房进行分区,楼房爆破缺口延期区域划分如图5所示。
为减少预拆除量和钻爆工程量,第一部分立柱采用六层炸高(23.5 m),第二部分立柱和核心筒体部分采用五层炸高(19.8 m),第三部分立柱和核心筒体部分采用四层炸高(16.1m),第四部分立柱为支撑区,爆区截面为三角形,最高为10.6 m,9号柱仅布置少许铰链孔切断柱体。
同时,为降低爆破振动,提高楼房混凝土解离效果,采用双切口设计[16],在12层和13层局部进行弱化处理,切口高度为7.4 m,1~3区域同高,4区域9号柱同样布置少许铰链孔切断柱体。
楼房爆破切口呈阶梯形,图6为楼房爆破切口示意图。
爆破前对楼房进行预处理,减少爆破装药量,控制爆破危害,同时削弱楼房的整体刚度,以取得更好的爆破效果。预处理方案包括:爆破切口范围内的剪力墙、楼梯、非承重隔墙,非爆破层不做预处理。
从楼房一层至顶层的筒体剪力分布由大变小,其中一楼的筒体所受剪力最大。根据框架-核心筒结构建筑物的受力特点,在立柱支撑强度满足的情况下,核心筒处理原则为:
(1)楼房一层核心筒体全部预拆除,破坏楼房核心筒的抗侧移刚度,拆除过程中采用液压破碎锤处理。
(2)一层以上切口范围内的筒体通过机械+钻孔爆破方式处理,化筒为墙,破坏其抗侧移刚度,仅保留其支撑作用,预留的筒体沿倒塌方向对称分布。
爆破切口范围内的卫生间、厨房、房间内非承重的隔墙,在爆破前全部进行拆除。
楼梯均为现浇钢筋混凝土,第一层在保留墙体钻孔完毕后,剩余墙体使用液压破碎锤从楼房外面全部破除,包括楼梯间剪力墙和楼梯踏步,二层以上采用楼梯转弯处钻孔爆破的方式进行处理。
(1)孔深l1
式中:D1为立柱直径;经计算:ϕ 90立柱取0.7 m,ϕ 80立柱取0.65 m。
(2)抵抗线w1
经计算:ϕ 90立柱取0.45 m,ϕ 80立柱取0.3 m。
(3)孔距a
经计算:a1=0.3~0.36 m,ϕ 90立柱和ϕ 80立柱均取0.3 m。
(4)炸药单耗:根据工程类比和经验,采用加强松动爆破时,考虑配筋加密的因素,这里取炸药单耗为:q=2.6 kg·m-3
(5)单孔装药量
式中:S1为圆形立柱的截面积,S=πr2。计算可得:ϕ 90立柱每孔药量取0.5 kg,ϕ 80立柱每孔药量取0.4 kg。
(6)炮孔数目和总药量:主爆破11根立柱,弱爆5根立柱,去除梁高,第一层剩余高度4.3 m,其余各层剩余高度3.0 m,每柱炮孔数分别为15个和11个,则主切口立柱爆破的炮孔数约为860个。上部切口炮孔数约为240个,立柱爆破合计炮孔数N1=1100个。装药量约合计为450~500 kg。
(1)炮孔深度
式中:H为梁的高度,H=0.7 m,经计算:l2=0.6 m。
(2)抵抗线
式中:D2为梁的宽度,经计算:w2=0.2 m。
(3)炮孔间距
经计算:a2=0.2~0.4 m,取a2=0.4 m,梁柱节点爆破均为单排孔布置,每个爆破点布置3个下向的垂直孔。
(3)炸药单耗:根据工程类比和经验,采用加强松动爆破时,考虑配筋加密的因素,这里取炸药单耗为:q2= 2.0 kg·m-3
(4)单孔装药量
式中:B2为梁厚,计算可得梁单孔装药量Q2=0.224 kg,取0.22 kg。
(5)装药结构:采用分层装药结构,下层药包0.12 kg,上层药包0.1 kg,中间用炮泥间隔。
(6)炮孔数目及装药量:梁柱采用节点爆破方式,每根立柱旁可布置3个爆破点,立柱大梁的径向中心端每根立柱实际有4个爆破点;每层11根立柱可布置44个爆破点,加上电梯等候厅廊的2个爆破点,则每层可布置的爆破点合计为46个,炮孔数约为184个。2层至6层梁柱节点爆破立柱爆破合计炮孔数N2=1100个,装药量合计约为150 kg。见表1
(1)炮孔深度
式中:B3为筒体壁厚,0.25 m。计算可得l3=0.15~0.21 m,取炮孔深度为0.18 m。
(2)抵抗线
经计算:w3=0.125 m。
(3)炮孔间距
经计算:a3=0.125~0.25 m,取0.25 m。
(4)炮孔排距
经计算:b3=0.2~0.25 m,取0.2 m。
(5)炸药单耗:根据工程类比经验,采用加强松动爆破时,考虑配筋加密的因素,这里取炸药单耗为:q3=6.0 kg·m-3
(6)单孔装药量
经计算:主爆破单孔装药量为:Q3=0.075 kg,取0.08 kg。孔网参数如表2所示。
(7)炮孔数目和总药量
1)主爆破的炮孔数:每层楼房剪力墙的总长度约为65.85 m,其中需保留的剪力墙(主爆破)长度约为20.7 m,主爆破炸高2 m,需爆破面积约41.4 m2;每个炮孔承担的爆破面积约0.3×0.3 m2,则计算得,每层剪力墙主爆破的炮孔数约为460个;一、二层剪力墙主要通过机械预拆除,预留主爆破炮孔数约为100个,三至五层剪力墙主爆破炮孔约为1380个,合计约为1480个。装药量合计约为120 kg。
2)预拆除切缝爆破的炮孔数:需进行预拆除切缝爆破的长度约为45.15 m,两排炮孔布置,上下各一道切缝,竖直方向上另加十四道切缝,则每层切缝的累积长度为118.3 m,炮孔数约为789个,预拆除切缝爆破单孔装药量取0.07 kg。一、二层预拆除采用机械法,则三至五层剪力墙预拆除爆破的炮孔数合计约为2367个。装药量合计约为160 kg。
本次拆除爆破,所处环境条件较为复杂,需避免对周围人员、建(构)筑物、交通造成影响。爆破网路的设计应力求简洁,便于装药和检查。本次爆破网路设计主要考虑以下几点:
(1)每栋楼的一层从切口边缘分区顺序延期起爆,以减少最大段爆破药量。最后区域弱爆破,只形成铰链,延期时间应较长。
(2)各楼层之间上下对应位置延期起爆,上层比下层延期起爆[1718]
结合图5图6,对于椭圆形楼的区域进行划分并布置孔内延期时间。见表3
按照爆破设计对楼房进行预处理和爆破,倒塌过程如图7所示。
整个倒塌过程历时5 s,倾倒方向精准,未发生明显后座,散落物多集中在10 m以内,楼房后方道路路灯和两侧建筑无一损毁。楼房爆堆见图8。图中楼房支柱破坏明显,楼板呈倾斜式叠放,经测量,楼房倒塌后爆堆长度约37 m,高度全部在10 m以内,较为集中,楼房倒塌效果符合设计要求。
本文基于某地椭圆形框架-核心筒楼房爆破拆除实际工况,采用理论分析精确计算了爆破切口高度和立柱、横梁、核心筒壁爆破参数,成功实现了该楼房的爆破拆除,并得出以下结论:
(1)椭圆形钢混结构楼房跨度长、质量高,重力势能转化快,楼房倾倒时间短,易发生后座,不易控制其倒塌过程,通过在倒塌方向上对楼房进行多段分区,增大最后一片分区的支撑面积,有效发挥余留支撑体支撑作用,避免因楼房倒塌时应力过度集中导致支撑区域提前断裂,产生后座。
(2)针对楼房高宽比较小,不满足楼房倾倒理论条件,易产生塌而不倒的问题,通过将最后两段分区之间的延期间隔扩大为1 s左右,实现倒塌过程中支撑点前移,保障楼房中心能偏过新支撑点,从而顺利倾倒。
(3)对于不规则框筒结构建筑物,爆破设计时将爆破切口内所有支柱、核心筒体、非承重墙全部拆除,破坏其抗侧移刚度,同时预处理墙体开凿以及后续钻孔爆破均沿倒塌中心线对称作业,可有效避免出现应力分布不均匀现象,避免楼体出现偏离倒塌方向的情况。
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2025年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014
  • 接收时间:2024-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-27
基金
Key Project of Anhui Blasting Equipment and Technology Engineering Laboratory Open Fund(AHBP2022A-02)
安徽省爆破器材与技术工程实验室开放基金重点项目(AHBP2022A-02)
Anhui University of Science and Technology Patent Transformation and Cultivation Project(ZL201908)
安徽理工大学专利转化培育项目(ZL201908)
作者信息
    1.安徽江南爆破工程有限公司,宣城 242300
    2.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院,淮南 232001
    3.安徽江南化工股份有限公司,合肥 230000

通讯作者:

高朋飞(1989-),男,博士、高级工程师,从事爆破施工管理与爆破技术的研究工作,(E-mail)
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.01.014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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