Article(id=1240702080806089504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773736027194, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1757865600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773736027194, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773736027194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736027194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240702069502440044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773736024499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736381642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=153, endPage=157, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240702081053553451, articleId=1240702080806089504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Trace Explosives Detection Technology based on Optical Fiber Raman Sensing, columnId=1240702073851925013, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate and efficient explosive detection technologies facilitate real-time monitoring of blasting materials throughout their storage, transportation, and usage, enabling the prompt identification of expired or unstable explosives. Furthermore, trace detection methods can detect residues of illegal explosives, offering technical support for safety supervision and public security, while striking a balance between engineering efficiency and environmental safety. This study introduces an optical fiber Raman sensor utilizing silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) for the explosive detection of explosives. By integrating Raman spectroscopy with fiber-optic sensing technology, it achieves highly sensitive spectral detection and efficient signal transmission specifically for TNT detection. The AgNCs substrate, modified with silver-sulfur bonds and functionalized with 4-ATP, acts as a capture probe for TNT. The formation of the TNT-4-ATP complex significantly amplifies the SERS signal of TNT, resulting in a detection limit (LOD) as low as 10-10 M.

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KE Te (1999-), female, born in Huangshi city, Hubei province, Ph.D., candidate, main research focus on explosive safety detection, (E-mail) .
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精准、高效的爆炸物检测技术可实时监控爆破材料的存储、运输及使用环节,及时排查过期或不稳定爆炸物,通过痕量检测手段识别非法爆炸物残留,为安全生产监管和公共安全防范提供技术支撑,平衡工程效率与安全环保的双重需求。开发了基于银纳米簇(AgNCs)基底检测爆炸物的光纤拉曼传感器,将拉曼技术与光纤传感技术结合,实现爆炸物的高灵敏光谱检测与信号传输,用于高灵敏度检测痕量TNT。通过银-硫键修饰的4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)处理的AgNCs基底作为TNT的捕获探针,TNT-4-ATP复合物的形成进一步增强了TNT的SERS信号,确定TNT的检测限(LOD)可达10-10 M。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
柯特(1999-),女,湖北省黄石市,博士生,主要研究爆炸物安全检测,(E-mail)
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刘洋(1977-),女,河南省商丘,硕士、副教授,主要研究工业自动化与监控技术,(E-mail)

LIU Yang (1977-), female, born in Shangqiu city, Henan province, master degree, associate Professor, main research focus on industrial automation and monitoring technology, (E-mail) .

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刘洋(1977-),女,河南省商丘,硕士、副教授,主要研究工业自动化与监控技术,(E-mail)

LIU Yang (1977-), female, born in Shangqiu city, Henan province, master degree, associate Professor, main research focus on industrial automation and monitoring technology, (E-mail) .

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刘洋(1977-),女,河南省商丘,硕士、副教授,主要研究工业自动化与监控技术,(E-mail)

LIU Yang (1977-), female, born in Shangqiu city, Henan province, master degree, associate Professor, main research focus on industrial automation and monitoring technology, (E-mail) .

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基于光纤拉曼传感的痕量爆炸物检测技术
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刘洋 1 , 柯特 2 , 陈先锋 2 , 贡晶晶 3 , 张琪 3
爆破 | 爆破器材 2025,42(3): 153-157
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爆破 | 爆破器材 2025, 42(3): 153-157
基于光纤拉曼传感的痕量爆炸物检测技术
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刘洋1 , 柯特2 , 陈先锋2, 贡晶晶3, 张琪3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉电力职业技术学院,武汉 430077
  • 2.武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,武汉 430070
  • 3.江汉大学 光电材料与技术学院 光电化学材料与器件教育部重点实验室,武汉 430056
  • 刘洋(1977-),女,河南省商丘,硕士、副教授,主要研究工业自动化与监控技术,(E-mail)

    LIU Yang (1977-), female, born in Shangqiu city, Henan province, master degree, associate Professor, main research focus on industrial automation and monitoring technology, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

柯特(1999-),女,湖北省黄石市,博士生,主要研究爆炸物安全检测,(E-mail)
Study on Trace Explosives Detection Technology based on Optical Fiber Raman Sensing
Yang LIU1 , Te KE2 , Xian-feng CHEN2, Jing-jing GONG3, Qi ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Wuhan Electric Power Technical College, Wuhan 430077, China
  • 2.School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2025-09-15 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017
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精准、高效的爆炸物检测技术可实时监控爆破材料的存储、运输及使用环节,及时排查过期或不稳定爆炸物,通过痕量检测手段识别非法爆炸物残留,为安全生产监管和公共安全防范提供技术支撑,平衡工程效率与安全环保的双重需求。开发了基于银纳米簇(AgNCs)基底检测爆炸物的光纤拉曼传感器,将拉曼技术与光纤传感技术结合,实现爆炸物的高灵敏光谱检测与信号传输,用于高灵敏度检测痕量TNT。通过银-硫键修饰的4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)处理的AgNCs基底作为TNT的捕获探针,TNT-4-ATP复合物的形成进一步增强了TNT的SERS信号,确定TNT的检测限(LOD)可达10-10 M。

民用爆破  /  表面增强拉曼技术  /  光纤传感  /  爆炸物检测

Accurate and efficient explosive detection technologies facilitate real-time monitoring of blasting materials throughout their storage, transportation, and usage, enabling the prompt identification of expired or unstable explosives. Furthermore, trace detection methods can detect residues of illegal explosives, offering technical support for safety supervision and public security, while striking a balance between engineering efficiency and environmental safety. This study introduces an optical fiber Raman sensor utilizing silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) for the explosive detection of explosives. By integrating Raman spectroscopy with fiber-optic sensing technology, it achieves highly sensitive spectral detection and efficient signal transmission specifically for TNT detection. The AgNCs substrate, modified with silver-sulfur bonds and functionalized with 4-ATP, acts as a capture probe for TNT. The formation of the TNT-4-ATP complex significantly amplifies the SERS signal of TNT, resulting in a detection limit (LOD) as low as 10-10 M.

civil blasting  /  surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy  /  fiber optic sensing  /  explosive detection
刘洋, 柯特, 陈先锋, 贡晶晶, 张琪. 基于光纤拉曼传感的痕量爆炸物检测技术. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (3) : 153 -157 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017
Yang LIU, Te KE, Xian-feng CHEN, Jing-jing GONG, Qi ZHANG. Study on Trace Explosives Detection Technology based on Optical Fiber Raman Sensing[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (3) : 153 -157 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017
民用爆炸物品广泛应用于矿山开采中的岩石破碎、油气勘探中作业、隧道掘进、水利工程堤坝拆除,以及应急救援中的清障障碍等国民经济多个核心领域[1]。然而,爆炸物在发挥重要作用的同时,其安全风险始终是制约行业发展的核心挑战。以TNT、硝铵类炸药为代表的常用爆炸物,在储存、运输、使用全链条中均存在多重安全隐患:储存环节的温度波动可能引发意外爆炸,运输过程中的非法转移或非法使用会导致公共安全事件,而爆破作业时产生的冲击波、有毒残留物,则会对周边生态环境和作业人员构成即时与长期威胁[2]。尤其在人口密集区周边的工程爆破时,爆炸物的泄漏或残留都可能引发连锁反应,轻则造成环境污染,重则危及生命财产安全。
因此,对爆炸物进行精准、高效的检测与监控,已成为保障其安全的前提,也是推动爆破行业向绿色化、智能化转型的关键支撑。建立覆盖生产、流通、使用全流程的检测体系,不仅能有效防范恶性事故,更能为爆炸物的科学管控与环境风险评估提供数据依据,这正是本研究聚焦光纤拉曼传感技术在爆炸物检测中应用的核心出发点。
传统爆炸物检测方法包括Xγ射线成像[3]、离子迁移率光谱[4]、电化学检测等[5],尽管实验室分析可实现高精度检测,但相关设备存在购置及运维成本高昂、体积庞大不便携等局限性,同时需依赖复杂的样品前处理流程。这些因素导致检测效率降低、操作误差风险增加,难以满足现场实时快速检测的技术需求。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光纤传感技术,通过光纤导光与SERS电磁场增强效应,实现目标分子高灵敏度检测,目标分子拉曼信号增强可达103~1014倍。光纤拉曼传感技术为本质安全型爆炸物检测平台构建提供新思路与方案。
文章设计了基于银纳米簇基底检测爆炸物的光纤拉曼传感器,用于测定TNT检测限。研究以银纳米簇(AgNCs)为金属基底,其特殊结构产生“热点”区域,借助AgNCs电磁耦合效应增强拉曼信号;选用4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)与TNT特异性结合形成迈森海默络合物,提升检测灵敏度。依托光纤拉曼传感器采集反射拉曼信号。实验显示,该系统对TNT检测限低至10-10 M。此成果验证了检测系统在复杂环境中的有效性,为光纤拉曼传感技术用于爆炸物检测提供实践依据,具有重要应用价值。
硝酸银、二水合柠檬酸钠、抗坏血酸和氯化钠购自国药化学试剂公司。4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)由麦克林公司提供。三硝基甲苯(TNT)购自中国计量科学研究院。硬聚合物包层光纤的纤芯直径为600 μm,包层直径为630 μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.37。
光纤传感系统(图1),其包括:激光器1、准直器2、介质膜反射镜3和4、二向色镜5、10倍物镜6、3轴NanoMax位移台7、硬塑料包层光纤8、长通滤光片9、五轴耦合器10、光谱仪11。
光路检测过程为:激光器发射785 nm激光,并通过两个介质膜反射镜反射至二向色镜,再经二向色镜反射至物镜耦合至光纤端面。光纤端面采集到反射SERS信号,信号经过物镜、二向色镜和长通滤光片后到达五轴耦合器,由五轴耦合器传输至拉曼光谱仪,积分时间为2~3 s,获得带有爆炸物信号峰的拉曼光谱图。
将1.15 g硝酸银(AgNO3)溶解于10 mL去离子水中,将0.243 g二水合柠檬酸钠溶解于17 mL去离子水中,超声处理15 min至完全溶解。取3 mL硝酸银水溶液加入所得柠檬酸钠水溶液中,磁力搅拌1 h,滴入0.1 g抗坏血酸,常温搅拌6 h。将沉淀以4000 rpm离心,用乙醇和去离子水反复洗涤,最后将产物分散于乙醇中用于表征。
将制备好的AgNCs与等体积的10-5 M 4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)溶液混合,在室温下持续振荡4 h以促进4-ATP与AgNCs充分反应,再用去离子水以4000 rpm离心两次除去未结合的4-ATP分子,制得SERS基底AgNCs@4-ATP。
将SERS基底AgNCs@4-ATP与不同浓度(10-10 M至10-3 M)的TNT甲醇溶液混合,采用浸涂-干燥法将光纤浸入待测溶液中15 min,取出后干燥30 s,再置于光纤拉曼传感器上。所有SERS信号通过便携式拉曼系统采集,采用785 nm激光激发,激光功率为10 mW,信号采集时间为5 s。
表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是指分子吸附于粗糙金属电磁良导体表面或溶胶体系时,其拉曼信号获得显著增强的现象[6]。1974年Fleischmann团队首次报道了电化学粗糙化银电极表面吸附吡啶分子的拉曼光谱[4],随后1977年Van Duyne和Creighton团队进一步揭示了不同位点的光谱特征[8],开启了SERS效应的系统性研究与应用探索。该技术突破了传统拉曼光谱检测灵敏度的局限,能够在低浓度甚至痕量条件下提供物质分子的结构信息,已在表面科学、生命科学、分析化学、军事安全及民用爆破等领域展现出重要的应用价值。
为了捕获TNT SERS信号,采用了电荷转移的Meisenheimer复合物。由于TNT分子的拉曼截面极小,选择了4-ATP,并通过Ag-S键将其固定在基底和表面。TNT与4-ATP分子平行于平面排列,形成扩展的π=π共轭结构。Ag-S化学键强烈吸附在AgNCs表面形成AgNCs@4-ATP。4-ATP分子苯环对位的氨基可进一步与另一个4-ATP分子通过形成相应的偶氮化合物DMAB发生相互作用。π=π共轭结构内的相互作用促进了TNT与AgNCs@4-ATP分子间电荷转移(CT),从而TNT形成SERS“热点”信号。随着TNT浓度的增加,分子间的连接量也随之增加,从而增强了SERS信号强度[9,10]
图2展示了银纳米簇(AuNCs)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像。AgNCs呈现为均匀分散的球形颗粒,直径约为250 nm,间距约为80 nm。AgNCs表面呈现粗糙形貌,可能归因于小规模结构不规则性。分布较为均匀,纳米簇之间的间距几乎相同。
为了研究TNT对AgNCs基底上4-ATP的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)的影响,测量了4-ATP,AgNCs,AgNCs+TNT以及有无TNT存在时AgNCs@4-ATP的拉曼光谱。如图3(a)所示,在TNT存在的情况下(紫色曲线),SERS信号显著增强,且存在1370 cm-1、1390 cm-1、1531 cm-1和1619 cm-1四个特征峰。SERS光谱中1370 cm-1和1390 cm-1特征峰分别源于芳香族硝基化合物(如TNT)的N-O对称伸缩振动及偶氮化合物(如DMAB)的N=N伸缩振动,1531cm-1和1619 cm-1峰则对应芳香环的CC伸缩振动,这些峰的形成是Ag纳米结构局域表面等离子体共振引发的电磁增强与分子-基底电荷转移、π=π共轭作用等化学增强共同作用的结果,其中TNT与4-ATP形成的Meisenheimer复合物进一步强化了特定振动模式的拉曼信号,使其可作为爆炸物检测的特征标志物。
采用浸涂-干燥法测量TNT的SERS信号,TNT的检测限低至10-10 M,如图3(b)所示。研究选择1390 cm-1处的拉曼强度作为TNT检测标准,因其为最强且最具特征的峰之一。如图3(c)所示,对不同浓度TNT溶液在1390cm-1处的SERS信号进行误差棒分析,结果表明TNT对数浓度与1390 cm-1处拉曼强度呈强线性关系,相关系数为0.9883(R2=0.9883)。测量结果表明,所构建的光纤拉曼传感器具备对TNT进行精准定量测定的能力。
通过开发光纤拉曼传感器测定TNT检测限。以银纳米簇(AgNCs)为金属基底,其特殊结构形成“热点”区域,通过AgNCs电磁耦合效应增强拉曼信号,利用4-氨基苯硫酚(4-ATP)与TNT特异性结合生成迈森海默络合物,进一步提升检测灵敏度,得到得到以下结论:
(1)实验方法成功制备出均匀分散的球形AgNCs,颗粒直径约250 nm,间距约80 nm。AgNCs表面呈现粗糙形貌,这可能源于小规模结构的不规则性。其分布均匀性良好,纳米簇间距基本一致。进一步选用4-ATP对AgNCs表面进行修饰,通过与TNT结合生成迈森海默络合物,实现了检测灵敏度的显著提升。
(2)采用浸涂-干燥法测得TNT的SERS光谱中存在1370 cm-1、1390 cm-1、1531 cm-1和1619 cm-1四个特征峰。其中,1370 cm-1和1390 cm-1峰分别源于芳香族硝基化合物(如TNT)的N-O对称伸缩振动及偶氮化合物(如DMAB)的N=N伸缩振动,1531 cm-1和1619 cm-1峰则对应芳香环的CC伸缩振动。这些特征峰的形成是Ag纳米结构局域表面等离子体共振引发的电磁增强,与分子-基底电荷转移、π=π共轭作用等化学增强共同作用的结果。TNT与4-ATP形成的Meisenheimer复合物进一步强化了特定振动模式的拉曼信号,使其成为爆炸物检测的特征标志物。该方法对TNT的检测限低至10-10 M。该研究后续可拓展至实际样品的检测应用,所搭建的光纤拉曼传感器将成为检测爆炸物、药物及环境污染物的强有力工具。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金计划(创新群体项目)(2023AFA013)
  • 湖北省教育厅科学研究计划青年人才项目(Q20234412)
  • 武汉市知识创新专项曙光计划(2023010201020450)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
基金
Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Program (Innovation Group Project)(2023AFA013)
湖北省自然科学基金计划(创新群体项目)(2023AFA013)
Hubei Provincial Department of Education Young Talent Research Project(Q20234412)
湖北省教育厅科学研究计划青年人才项目(Q20234412)
Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Special Dawn Plan(2023010201020450)
武汉市知识创新专项曙光计划(2023010201020450)
作者信息
    1.武汉电力职业技术学院,武汉 430077
    2.武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,武汉 430070
    3.江汉大学 光电材料与技术学院 光电化学材料与器件教育部重点实验室,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

柯特(1999-),女,湖北省黄石市,博士生,主要研究爆炸物安全检测,(E-mail)
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/bp/CN/10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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