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Article(id=1240702077610021509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739203200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773736026432, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1741276800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-07, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773736026432, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773736026432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736026432, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240702069502440044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773736024499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736381642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=175, endPage=183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240702077849096861, articleId=1240702077610021509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Inhibition of Coal Dust and Methane Explosion in Pipelines by Calcium Carbonate, columnId=1240702076553065119, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING SAFETY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the inhibitory effect of calcium carbonate on methane explosion in the presence of coal dust, experiments and numerical simulations were applied in this study. The inhibitory performance of calcium carbonate under various particle sizes and concentrations was analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for safety protection in high-risk environments, such as coal mines. By using a self-developed 9.6-meter-square straight pipe, the experiments were conducted with Calcium carbonate, whose particle sizes ranged from 6.5 to 74 micrometers, and the concentration levels were maintained within the optimal range of 100 to 200 g/m3. Based on this, the optimal particle size and concentration of calcium carbonate were determined by analyzing the pressure changes during the explosion process. The experimental findings reveal that the explosion process can be divided into four stages: initial methane combustion, subsequent methane combustion involving coal dust, calcium carbonate decomposition, and a final inhibition stage. Meanwhile, the calcium carbonate reduces oxygen concentration. It absorbs heat through thermal decomposition reactions, which slows down the combustion reaction rate and establishes local thermal equilibrium, thereby suppressing the propagation of the explosion. The calcium carbonate achieves optimal explosion suppression performance with a maximum pressure reduction rate of 46.7% at specific parameters: a calcium carbonate of 150 g/m3 combined with a particle size of 23 micrometers. Additionally, numerical simulations were employed to verify the experimental results, which demonstrate that the pressure change trends are consistent with the experimental results, with a relative error of less than 15%. As an effective explosion inhibitor, calcium carbonate demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on methane explosions in the presence of coal dust under specific particle size and concentration conditions. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for the application of calcium carbonate in industrial explosion protection.

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LU Sen-tao (2000-), male, born in Taizhou city, Zhejiang Province, master's degree candidate, engaged in the research of mine gas explosion prevention technology, (E-mail) .
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本研究旨在探究碳酸钙对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的抑制效果，通过实验和数值模拟分析碳酸钙在不同粒径和浓度条件下的抑爆性能，为煤矿等高危环境的安全防护提供理论依据。实验基于自主研制的9.6 m方形长直管道进行，选取粒径为6.5~74 μm、浓度为100~200 g/m3的碳酸钙作为抑制剂，研究其对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的影响。通过分析爆炸过程的压力变化，确定碳酸钙的最优粒径和浓度。同时，采用数值模拟对实验结果进行验证。实验结果表明：爆炸过程可分为四个阶段：甲烷燃烧、含煤尘甲烷燃烧、碳酸钙分解及阻碍。碳酸钙通过热分解反应降低氧气浓度并吸收热量，减缓燃烧反应速率，同时建立局部热平衡抑制爆炸传播。当碳酸钙浓度为150 g/m3、粒径为23 μm时，抑爆效果最佳，最大压力抑制率达46.7%。数值模拟验证显示，模拟与实验的压力变化趋势一致，相对误差低于15%。碳酸钙作为一种有效的爆炸抑制剂，在特定粒径和浓度条件下对含煤尘甲烷爆炸具有显著的抑制效果。该研究为碳酸钙在工业爆炸防护中的应用提供了实验和理论支持。

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卢森涛（2000-），男，浙江台州人，硕士研究生，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术研究，（E-mail）。
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徐景德（1965-），男，安徽枞阳人，博士、教授，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术、安全生产监管与应急救援研究，（E-mail）。

XU Jing-de (1965-), male, born in Zongyang city, Anhui Province, Ph.D, professor, engaged in mine gas explosion prevention technology, safety production supervision and emergency rescue research, (E-mail) .

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徐景德（1965-），男，安徽枞阳人，博士、教授，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术、安全生产监管与应急救援研究，（E-mail）。

XU Jing-de (1965-), male, born in Zongyang city, Anhui Province, Ph.D, professor, engaged in mine gas explosion prevention technology, safety production supervision and emergency rescue research, (E-mail) .

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徐景德（1965-），男，安徽枞阳人，博士、教授，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术、安全生产监管与应急救援研究，（E-mail）。

XU Jing-de (1965-), male, born in Zongyang city, Anhui Province, Ph.D, professor, engaged in mine gas explosion prevention technology, safety production supervision and emergency rescue research, (E-mail) .

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Numerical analysis of the mechanism of calcium carbonate inhibiting methane-coal dust explosion in pipelines[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology, 2024, 21(6): 73-78. 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Industrial analysis results of coal dust(Mass fraction，%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤种Coal type空气干燥基水分Air dry base moisture灰分Ash content挥发分Volatile matter空气干燥基固定碳Air-dried base fixes carbon
空气干燥基灰分Air-dried base ash干燥基灰分Dry base ash空气干燥基挥发分Air-dried base volatiles干燥基挥发分Dry base volatiles干燥无灰基挥发分Dry without ash-based volatiles
褐煤Lignite2.8510.7511.0730.8434.6835.6955.56
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087827345600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702077610021509, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤尘工业分析结果(质量分数%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤种Coal type空气干燥基水分Air dry base moisture灰分Ash content挥发分Volatile matter空气干燥基固定碳Air-dried base fixes carbon
空气干燥基灰分Air-dried base ash干燥基灰分Dry base ash空气干燥基挥发分Air-dried base volatiles干燥基挥发分Dry base volatiles干燥无灰基挥发分Dry without ash-based volatiles
褐煤Lignite2.8510.7511.0730.8434.6835.6955.56
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087923814594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702077610021509, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental conditions with different calcium carbonate concentrations and limiting particle sizes (Methane-air premixed gas equivalence ratio 1，Ignition energy 225 mJ)

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工况Operating conditions 碳酸钙浓度/(g·m－3) Calcium carbonate concentration 碳酸钙极限粒径/μm Calcium carbonate limit particle size
1 0 0
2－410015020074
5－710015020037
8－1010015020023
11－1310015020018
14－161001502006.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240702088032866504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702077610021509, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同碳酸钙浓度与极限粒径的试验工况(甲烷-空气预混气当量比1，点火能量225 mJ)

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工况Operating conditions 碳酸钙浓度/(g·m－3) Calcium carbonate concentration 碳酸钙极限粒径/μm Calcium carbonate limit particle size
1 0 0
2－410015020074
5－710015020037
8－1010015020023
11－1310015020018
14－161001502006.5
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碳酸钙抑制管道中含煤尘甲烷爆炸的试验研究
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徐景德 1 , 卢森涛 1 , 卢鸿玉 2 , 刘钧海 2 , 徐祚卉 1 , 汪志萼 3
爆破 | 安全与管理 2025,42(3): 175-183
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爆破 | 安全与管理 2025, 42(3): 175-183
碳酸钙抑制管道中含煤尘甲烷爆炸的试验研究
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徐景德1 , 卢森涛1 , 卢鸿玉2, 刘钧海2, 徐祚卉1, 汪志萼3
作者信息
  • 1.华北科技学院　安全工程学院，北京　东燕郊　065201
  • 2.安徽理工大学　安全科学与工程学院，淮南　232000
  • 3.首都经济贸易大学　管理工程学院，北京　丰台　100070

    • 徐景德（1965-），男，安徽枞阳人，博士、教授，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术、安全生产监管与应急救援研究，（E-mail）。

    XU Jing-de (1965-), male, born in Zongyang city, Anhui Province, Ph.D, professor, engaged in mine gas explosion prevention technology, safety production supervision and emergency rescue research, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

卢森涛（2000-），男，浙江台州人，硕士研究生，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术研究，（E-mail）。
Experimental Study on Inhibition of Coal Dust and Methane Explosion in Pipelines by Calcium Carbonate
Jing-de XU1 , Sen-tao LU1 , Hong-yu LU2, Jun-hai LIU2, Zuo-hui XU1, Zhi-e WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Safety Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Yanjiao 065201, China
  • 2.School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui 232000, China
  • 3.School of Management Engineering, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2025-03-07 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.020
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摘要
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本研究旨在探究碳酸钙对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的抑制效果，通过实验和数值模拟分析碳酸钙在不同粒径和浓度条件下的抑爆性能，为煤矿等高危环境的安全防护提供理论依据。实验基于自主研制的9.6 m方形长直管道进行，选取粒径为6.5~74 μm、浓度为100~200 g/m3的碳酸钙作为抑制剂，研究其对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的影响。通过分析爆炸过程的压力变化，确定碳酸钙的最优粒径和浓度。同时，采用数值模拟对实验结果进行验证。实验结果表明：爆炸过程可分为四个阶段：甲烷燃烧、含煤尘甲烷燃烧、碳酸钙分解及阻碍。碳酸钙通过热分解反应降低氧气浓度并吸收热量，减缓燃烧反应速率，同时建立局部热平衡抑制爆炸传播。当碳酸钙浓度为150 g/m3、粒径为23 μm时，抑爆效果最佳，最大压力抑制率达46.7%。数值模拟验证显示，模拟与实验的压力变化趋势一致，相对误差低于15%。碳酸钙作为一种有效的爆炸抑制剂，在特定粒径和浓度条件下对含煤尘甲烷爆炸具有显著的抑制效果。该研究为碳酸钙在工业爆炸防护中的应用提供了实验和理论支持。

安全工程  /  抑爆  /  甲烷-煤尘爆炸  /  数值模拟  /  碳酸钙

To investigate the inhibitory effect of calcium carbonate on methane explosion in the presence of coal dust, experiments and numerical simulations were applied in this study. The inhibitory performance of calcium carbonate under various particle sizes and concentrations was analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for safety protection in high-risk environments, such as coal mines. By using a self-developed 9.6-meter-square straight pipe, the experiments were conducted with Calcium carbonate, whose particle sizes ranged from 6.5 to 74 micrometers, and the concentration levels were maintained within the optimal range of 100 to 200 g/m3. Based on this, the optimal particle size and concentration of calcium carbonate were determined by analyzing the pressure changes during the explosion process. The experimental findings reveal that the explosion process can be divided into four stages: initial methane combustion, subsequent methane combustion involving coal dust, calcium carbonate decomposition, and a final inhibition stage. Meanwhile, the calcium carbonate reduces oxygen concentration. It absorbs heat through thermal decomposition reactions, which slows down the combustion reaction rate and establishes local thermal equilibrium, thereby suppressing the propagation of the explosion. The calcium carbonate achieves optimal explosion suppression performance with a maximum pressure reduction rate of 46.7% at specific parameters: a calcium carbonate of 150 g/m3 combined with a particle size of 23 micrometers. Additionally, numerical simulations were employed to verify the experimental results, which demonstrate that the pressure change trends are consistent with the experimental results, with a relative error of less than 15%. As an effective explosion inhibitor, calcium carbonate demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on methane explosions in the presence of coal dust under specific particle size and concentration conditions. This study provides experimental and theoretical support for the application of calcium carbonate in industrial explosion protection.

safety engineering  /  explosion suppression  /  methane-coal dust explosion  /  numerical simulation  /  calcium carbonate
徐景德, 卢森涛, 卢鸿玉, 刘钧海, 徐祚卉, 汪志萼. 碳酸钙抑制管道中含煤尘甲烷爆炸的试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (3) : 175 -183 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.020
Jing-de XU, Sen-tao LU, Hong-yu LU, Jun-hai LIU, Zuo-hui XU, Zhi-e WANG. Experimental Study on Inhibition of Coal Dust and Methane Explosion in Pipelines by Calcium Carbonate[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (3) : 175 -183 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.020
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含煤尘甲烷爆炸是煤矿井下危害最大的风险之一。虽然煤尘浓度低的情况下，但是含煤尘甲烷爆炸的威力远远大于纯甲烷爆炸，因此开展含煤尘甲烷爆炸抑制试验研究至关重要。碳酸钙等盐类粉尘通过其自身的分解、减小空气浓度来减小燃烧反应速率；其能够分解吸热，使燃烧反应达到动态热平衡，从而使爆炸得到抑制。由此，开展碳酸钙抑制含煤尘甲烷爆炸试验对事故的预防和事故发生时的防护具有重要意义。
已有的研究表明，多种抑爆剂复合使用对煤尘和瓦斯爆炸具有显著的抑制效果。张延松等人研究了草酸钾-蒙脱石纳米复合抑爆粉体[1]，发现其可提高甲烷-煤尘热解氧化气体中CO2的体积分数，并抑制可燃气体生成。石晶泰研究了水幕抑爆机理[2]，发现其与液滴质量载荷和直径相关，且临界水幕长度随液滴质量载荷增大而减小。杜双利等人整理了煤尘爆炸的研究现状[3]，并提出了未来发展趋势。贺涛设计了新型改性高岭土抑爆剂[4]，证实了其优异的抑爆性能，并探讨了抑爆过程和机理。余明高等研究了改性高岭土对瓦斯煤尘爆炸特征参数的影响[5]，发现其提升了热解与抑爆性能。陈彪等人发现超细水雾可延迟爆炸超压上升[6]，且随着浓度增加，压力的二次加速上升现象逐渐消失。贾进章等发现膨润土粉体通过物理和化学机理抑制甲烷爆炸[7]。吴君安等人研究了NaHCO3粉体浓度对甲烷-空气混合气体爆炸特性的影响[8]，发现浓度增加可提高抑爆效果。王枫潇研究了磷酸二氢铵、碳酸氢钾、坡缕石和蒙脱石四种粉体的抑爆性能[9]，发现特定粒径和质量下抑爆性能最佳。Yun-Ting Tsai等的研究表明混合Mg/H2混合物的最大爆炸压力上升速率是纯Mg的两倍[10]，Na2CO3、CaCO3和(NH4)2HPO3对混合Mg/H2混合物爆炸有很强的抑制能力，而MCA和MPP会刺激爆炸。杨小荣发现溶析结晶法可将KHCO3负载于硅藻土表面[11]，弥补其吸附位点少、比表面积小的弱点。吉冬雨等研究了珍珠岩、多巴胺包覆珍珠岩和SiO2粉体对甲烷爆炸的影响[12]，发现多巴胺包覆珍珠岩效果最佳。现有抑爆剂主要通过物理稀释(如超细水雾)、化学分解(如NaHCO3)及复合协同(如草酸钾-蒙脱石纳米粉体)等机制抑制爆炸。其中，碳酸钙因兼具吸热分解与稀释氧气的双重作用，成为潜在的高效抑爆剂。
综上所述，采用表面改性、复合粉体协同等方式，可以有效提高粉体对甲烷爆炸的抑制效果。尽管碳酸钙的抑爆潜力已被初步证实，但其作用机制与最佳工况(如粒径、浓度)仍不明确。本研究通过实验与数值模拟结合，系统分析碳酸钙对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的抑制效果，明确其热分解与物理阻碍的耦合机制，为煤矿抑爆剂的实际应用提供理论支撑。
1　试验系统及工况设置
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1.1　试验系统
试验采用自主搭建的中尺度爆炸激波管道为主体装置模拟真实巷道内场景，见图1。管道由A20碳钢制成，总长9.6 m，包含三节2.5 m长直段及一节1.3 m视窗段。压力传感器(PCB M113A24)布设于距点火端2 m、4.5 m、5.95 m、6.55 m、8.3 m处，用于捕捉压力波传播特性。试验装置配备了数字采集系统、点火系统和同步控制器。数据采集系统主要由数据采集器和压力传感器组成，数据采集器使用东华公司DH8302用于进行压力信号采集分析，压力传感器选用美国PCB公司ICP压电传感器(型号为M113A24)进行压力测量，最大量程6.9 MPa，线性满足≤1% FS，谐振频率≥500 kHz，上升时间≤1 μs，采集频率和量程均满足瓦斯爆炸测量需求；点火系统采用自制脉冲式点火器实现高压放电产生火花，通过同步装置输入TTL电平触发，引燃激波管内的预混气；同步控制器基于FPGA开发板烧录控制代码实现同步控制数据采集器和点火器，具体过程为设置按钮触发，同时发送多个高电平TTL信号实现控制。在5.35 m处设置喷尘装置，喷尘装置由波纹管，阀门和粉尘仓组成，外接电磁阀和空压机，见图2。电磁阀由继电器控制，在喷尘时将阀门打开，通过继电器来控制电磁阀开关，从而控制粉尘的喷入。碳酸钙采用高压空气喷入的形式，为确保点火时碳酸钙能够完全喷入，因此采用先喷后点火的形式，喷入后延迟0.5 s点火。煤尘选用陕西大同同煤集团的褐煤，煤尘进行工业分析结果见表1。碳酸钙通过打磨机和不同粒径的筛网来确认具体的极限粒径。
1.2　工况设置
试验共设置6组工况，共计16个试验，见表2。管道内充入甲烷-空气预混气体(当量比为1)点火源能量设置为225 mJ。由于管道内体积为0.384 m3，根据计算，在距点火端2.2 m处放置1.92 g煤尘颗粒，实现煤尘浓度为5 g/m3的情况。经过多次重复实验，并且调整了煤尘的平铺位置，最终选择用平面刮板将煤尘平铺在管道2.2 m位置，并且使其均匀分布在管道底面，通过多次重复试验并对比1.9 m、2.2 m、2.5 m铺设位置产生的爆炸压力变化趋势，确定了2.2 m的铺设位置产生的爆炸压力为最大值，故采用该方案进行煤尘的铺设。
工况1是未加抑爆剂的含煤尘甲烷燃烧，为对照试验；工况2－4为碳酸钙极限粒径74 μm的情况下不同碳酸钙浓度对爆炸最大压力的影响；工况5－16为各个不同碳酸钙极限粒径的情况下对不同碳酸钙浓度影响最大压力变化的试验。试验工况设置主要是为了探究不同的碳酸钙粒径和浓度对相同爆炸强度的抑制情况。为减小试验误差，每个工况重复进行三次，观察其变化趋势并选择最合理的结果。
2　试验结果分析
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碳酸钙通过其物理性质抑制含煤尘甲烷爆炸，以下是管道内不同粒径浓度对含煤尘甲烷爆炸的抑制图，见图3。
图3展示了碳酸钙浓度和粒径对管道内不同位置最大压力变化的影响。研究发现，最大压力随碳酸钙浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势，尤其在管道的P3和P4点处表现明显。碳酸钙的极限粒径越小，对最大压力的影响越显著。试验中，爆炸过程分为四个阶段：甲烷燃烧阶段、含煤尘甲烷燃烧阶段、碳酸钙分解阶段和碳酸钙阻碍阶段。碳酸钙的加入在分解阶段和阻碍阶段对最大压力变化起关键作用。在0.09 s前，爆炸处于初期，甲烷被点燃，压力快速上升；0.09~0.22 s时，煤尘卷起并燃烧，最大压力继续增长；0.22~0.45 s时，碳酸钙加入，空气浓度降低，压力下降，同时碳酸钙开始分解；0.45 s之后，最大压力随碳酸钙浓度和粒径变化而变化，碳酸钙分解量达到最大值时，剩余的碳酸钙会阻碍压力波蔓延，导致局部压力增大；在爆炸后期，四个阶段同时进行，互相影响，从而造成压力波动性变化。对比图3(a)、(b)、(c)可知，当碳酸钙极限粒径为37 μm时，压力不再随浓度增大而上升，且粒径对爆炸反应的影响随浓度增加而增强。在碳酸钙浓度为200 g/m3时，粒径减小反而使最大压力增大，原因是粒径减小使碳酸钙悬浮，与压力波和火焰接触面积增大，且过小的粒径易聚集，导致压力波叠加。颗粒聚集使得压力波被阻碍，导致该位置局部压力升高，这在上图中有所体现，如6.5 μm的碳酸钙喷入后，喷入口后方传感器监测到压力骤然上升，同时，小粒径的碳酸钙阻碍CO2扩散，使得部分CO2无法到达燃烧区域，从而影响抑爆的效果。在浓度为150 g/m3时，极限粒径未达到6.5 μm时，整体最大压力低于100 g/m3的情况。
在该试验下可以看到，碳酸钙抑爆总共分为分解阶段和聚集阶段，分解阶段主要是碳酸钙受热分解[13]，其反应式为
该阶段，碳酸钙主要是稀释空气，吸收热量，使燃烧反应达到热平衡，进而减小燃烧反应速率，抑制爆炸最大压力，同时根据Arrhenius方程
式中：A为指前因子；Ea为活化能；R为摩尔气体常量；T为温度。
可以得出，在碳酸钙分解阶段，其主要是通过减小温度，从而使得燃烧反应速率下降；碳酸钙处于聚集阶段时，其分解反应依旧在持续进行中，但由于碳酸钙本身的稳定性，使得分解反应较为缓慢，未分解的碳酸钙由此聚集，导致压力波蔓延受到阻碍，局部压力上升。试验中P3、P4位置的压力波动变化也是由于碳酸钙分解阶段和聚集阶段互相影响导致的。
通过上述对整体管道各处压力的分析能够看出碳酸钙对燃烧反应的抑制效果最明显的位置在三号和四号传感器所处位置，也就是喷尘口后的两个传感器所处位置。下面就对这两处位置进行具体分析。
(1)P3传感器
下图为P3位置碳酸钙粒径和浓度对最大压力影响图，见图4。
由图4可知，P3位置的最大压力在碳酸钙的影响下总体下降接近40%，可以说明在一定条件下，碳酸钙对燃烧反应的抑制效果较为明显。
碳酸钙浓度为100 g/m3时，最大压力随着粒径的减小呈“N”型变化。当粒径减小至37 μm时，悬浮粉尘增加，阻碍压力波传播，且碳酸钙分解产生的CO2抑制燃烧速率，导致压力下降。在37 μm至18 μm之间，粉尘云中碳酸钙聚集，局部压力升高。进一步减小至6.5 μm时，分解速率加快，产生的CO2和CaO增多，燃烧反应速率降低，压力波被抑制，最大压力再次下降。综上，粒径变化直接影响粉尘云的形成、压力波传播和燃烧反应速率，进而影响最大压力碳酸钙浓度为150 g/m3时，最大压力会随着粒径的减小呈“И”型变化。当粒径减小至23 μm时，悬浮粉尘增多，阻碍压力波和火焰传播，碳酸钙分解产生的CO2抑制燃烧反应，最大压力达到最低点。进一步减小至18 μm时，碳酸钙在喷入口附近聚集，局部压力叠加，最大压力上升11.6 kPa。粒径减小至6.5 μm时，更多碳酸钙形成粉尘云，阻碍压力波传播，燃烧反应速率略微降低，最大压力下降4.7 kPa。
碳酸钙浓度为200 g/m3时，最大压力会随着粒径的减小呈“W”型变化。当粒径减小至37 μm时，碳酸钙接触面积减少，分解速率降低，产生的CO2较少，对燃烧反应的抑制作用减弱，最大压力降低。进一步减小至23 μm时，分解速率增加，产生更多CO2，但不足以完全抵消粉尘云对压力波传播的阻碍，最大压力略有上升。粒径减小至18 μm时，分解速率达到峰值，产生大量CO2，强烈抑制燃烧反应，最大压力降至最低点。继续减小粒径时，过多的碳酸钙悬浮在管道中，无法完全分解，压力波持续叠加，导致最大压力急剧增大。
综上所述，P3处最大压力随粒径减小呈非线性变化(图4)。当粒径为23 μm时，碳酸钙分解速率最大，CO2生成量显著增加，压力抑制率达40%；而当粒径低于18 μm时，颗粒聚集导致局部压力叠加，抑制效果减弱。
(2)P4传感器
下图为P4位置碳酸钙粒径和浓度对最大压力影响图，见图5。
由图5可知，P4位置的压力对比含煤尘甲烷爆炸总体降低20%左右，在碳酸钙的影响下，爆炸的强度显著减小。
在碳酸钙浓度为150 g/m3时，最大压力随着粒径的减小呈“M”型变化。在极限粒径减小到74 μm时，由于P3位置沉积的碳酸钙减少不足，使得P4位置的压力变化不明显；碳酸钙极限粒径在23 μm时，P3位置的碳酸钙在该极限粒径和浓度下分解速率达到最大值，同时未分解的碳酸钙和分解后的CaO沉积对压力波起到阻碍的作用，双重作用下，使得最大压力达到最低值；随着极限粒径继续减小，到18 μm时，小部分碳酸钙沉积，悬浮在管道中的碳酸钙大量被分解，阻碍作用减小，导致P4位置的压力增大；在极限粒径减小到6.5 μm时，碳酸钙大量悬浮在管道中，同时由于碳酸钙分解速率不变，导致大量悬浮在管道中的碳酸钙未分解，阻碍作用增大，最大压力随之降低。
在碳酸钙浓度为100、200 g/m3时，整体的最大压力都减小，其变化趋势与P3位置相同。
综上所述，在P4位置，最大压力整体小于P3位置，同时不同的碳酸钙浓度和粒径会对该位置的最大压力有相应的影响，总体而言，浓度为150 g/m3极限粒径为23 μm时最大压力达到最低。
3　模拟结果分析
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为更明显的表示试验过程中各测点压力的具体变化情况，采用数值模拟进行验证，其能够去除环境对所模拟的实验的影响，其能够更好的展示实验中最大压力的变化。
本文使用fluent进行模拟，模拟工况与试验一致。壁面设置为无滑移壁面，用来模拟管道内流动。模拟采用RNG k-e算法进行计算，气体状态方程采用S-R-K方程，粉尘采用DPM方程，甲烷空气采用预混的形式充入管道中，煤尘采用平铺的方式。图6为工况9模拟与试验压力对比图与相对误差，模拟选取的测点位置与试验设置一致。图6(a)模拟结果中碳酸钙对最大压力作用规律与试验一致；图6(b)中模拟与试验相对误差在5%~15%，在可接受范围内。因此，模拟结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性。见图6。
图7为碳酸钙在爆炸反应前中后期的颗粒分布情况。在爆炸前期，未燃区由于未受到压力波影响，其运动方向杂乱，煤尘颗粒呈现无规则运动。在爆炸中后期，由于受到压力波影响，碳酸钙颗粒总体向后运动，同时由于时间推移，一部分碳酸钙沉积在管道底面。
图8为模拟中工况9 P3位置温度与湍动能的变化情况，0.02 s时温度达到最大值，同时湍动能在温度的影响下增大，随着碳酸钙的分解速率提升，P3位置的湍动能开始下降；0.035 s时碳酸钙分解速率达到最大值，由于剩下的碳酸钙依然能够阻碍压力波的蔓延，导致该位置的湍动能上升，随后慢慢下降，这与试验结果中工况9压力变化情况分析一致。
由于试验条件的限制，选择模拟的方式来验证颗粒悬浮状态，如图9所示，选取粒径最大，最小以及抑爆效果最好的进行比较，可以清楚看到，粒径在6.5 μm时，颗粒悬浮的最多，但是由于粒径过小，大部分碳酸钙未弥散，聚集在喷入口附近；粒径为74 μm的碳酸钙向两边弥散，但由于粒径过大，碳酸钙逐渐沉积；粒径为23 μm的碳酸钙向两端弥散，沉积的量也没有74 μm的大，因此，综合来看，23 μm的颗粒悬浮状态最佳。
4　结论
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(1)本研究证实，碳酸钙可通过热分解与物理阻碍的双重作用抑制含煤尘甲烷爆炸。本实验条件下最佳抑爆工况为浓度150 g/m3、极限粒径23 μm，最大压力抑制率达46.7%。较小的粒径意味着更大的接触面积，从而使得更多的碳酸钙分解，产生更多的CO2和CaO，然而，当粒径过小时，碳酸钙可能会悬浮在管道中，增加与压力波和火焰的接触面积，导致在某些位置最大压力反而增大。
(2)通过实验结果与模拟结果对比分析，发现试验中压力变化趋势与模拟高度相似，并且相对误差在15%以下，这验证了试验结果的准确性。
(3)整体试验中，爆炸过程可以分为四个阶段：甲烷燃烧阶段、含煤尘甲烷燃烧阶段、碳酸钙分解阶段和碳酸钙阻爆阶段。而碳酸钙的分解和聚集互相影响，从而导致后半段压力波动变化。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51874134)
文献
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2025年第42卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.020
  • 接收时间：2025-02-11
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-03-07
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-11
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(51874134)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51874134)
作者信息
    1.华北科技学院　安全工程学院，北京　东燕郊　065201
    2.安徽理工大学　安全科学与工程学院，淮南　232000
    3.首都经济贸易大学　管理工程学院，北京　丰台　100070

通讯作者:

卢森涛（2000-），男，浙江台州人，硕士研究生，从事矿井瓦斯爆炸防治技术研究，（E-mail）。
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