Article(id=1240702076997653098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739548800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773736026286, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1744128000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-09, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773736026286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773736026286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736026286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240702069502440044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773736024499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736381642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240702077287060089, articleId=1240702076997653098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Blasting Fragmentation Recognition Method based on YOLOv8 and Binocular Vision, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the challenges of low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and interference from complex environments in mining blast fragmentation recognition, this paper proposes a novel blast fragmentation recognition method based on binocular vision. By constructing a YOLOv8 instance segmentation model, the post-blast rock contours are accurately extracted under complex lighting conditions. By combining binocular measurement technology with the principles of three-dimensional coordinate transformation and disparity calculation, the maximum size of the fragments is determined. An indoor experimental platform was established to verify the accuracy of fragmentation recognition and size calculation under different parameters. Furthermore, an intelligent recognition architecture for open-pit mine blast fragmentation was proposed, and an automatic fragmentation recognition and analysis system was developed. The results of indoor simulation tests indicate that a lower camera height helps improve the model's recognition accuracy. Although fragment contact slightly affects the recognition of individual targets, the overall accuracy remains unaffected, with the recognition accuracy of all fragments exceeding 85%. The recognition accuracy slightly decreases in dynamic environments. However, the size calculation accuracy for 80% of the fragments remains above 90%, and the overall error remains within an acceptable range, meeting the requirements for real-time monitoring and subsequent analysis in blast fragmentation. This method has been successfully applied at the Husab Mine in Namibia, utilizing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to obtain material source information. It enables dynamic monitoring, precise analysis, and comprehensive evaluation of the fragment size distribution (FSD) throughout the entire block, providing a novel technological approach for assessing the effectiveness of open-pit bench blasting.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XU Yuan-yuan (1998-), male, postgraduate student, mainly engaged in the research work of mine blasting and smart mining, (E-mail) .
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为解决矿山爆破块度识别效率低下、精度不足以及复杂环境干扰等难题,提出了一种基于双目视觉的爆破块度识别新方法。通过构建YOLOv8实例分割模型,精准提取复杂光照条件下的爆后矿岩轮廓。结合双目测量技术,基于三维坐标转换与视差计算原理,获取碎石的最大尺寸。搭建了室内实验平台,验证了块度识别方法在不同参数下的碎石识别与尺寸计算精度。最后,提出了露天矿爆破块度智能化识别技术架构,开发了块度自动识别与分析系统。室内模拟测试结果表明:较低的拍摄高度有助于提高模型的识别精度,碎石间接触虽对个别目标识别造成影响,但整体精度未显著下降,所有碎石的识别准确率均在85%以上。动态环境下的识别精度略有下降,但80%的碎石尺寸计算准确率仍保持在90%以上,整体误差仍控制在可接受范围内,满足爆破碎石实时监测及后续分析需求。该方法已成功应用于纳米比亚湖山矿,并结合射频识别(RFID)技术获取物料来源信息,实现爆区碎石块度分布(FSD)的动态监测、精确分析与全面评估,为露天台阶爆破效果评价提供了先进的技术手段。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
徐源泉(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山爆破、智慧矿山等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
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黄磊(1987-)男,高级工程师、硕士,主要从事露天采矿、工程爆破技术经济等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

HUANG Lei (1987-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work of surface mining, engineering blasting technology and economy, (E-mail) .

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黄磊(1987-)男,高级工程师、硕士,主要从事露天采矿、工程爆破技术经济等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

HUANG Lei (1987-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work of surface mining, engineering blasting technology and economy, (E-mail) .

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黄磊(1987-)男,高级工程师、硕士,主要从事露天采矿、工程爆破技术经济等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

HUANG Lei (1987-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work of surface mining, engineering blasting technology and economy, (E-mail) .

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Research on improved YOLOV8 algorithm for small target detection[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on improved YOLOV8 algorithm for small target detection, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240702089706393815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, awardId=52274105, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274105), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240702089819640031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, awardId=52274105, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274105), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240702089937080549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, awardId=CX20240247, language=EN, fundingSource=Hunan Graduate Research Innovation Project(CX20240247), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240702090037743851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, awardId=CX20240247, 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Measured size vs.recognized size of fragments

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编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm分散形态不同高度碎石识别长度/cm Fragment recognized size at different heights in dispersed formations/cm接触状态Contact state 60 cm准确率Accuracy rate
60 cm准确率Accuracy rate90 cm准确率Accuracy rate
17.2567.50096.64%7.70093.88%7.80092.50%
25.7856.00096.28%5.40093.34%5.40093.34%
34.7184.80098.26%4.60097.50%5.00094.02%
44.4004.00090.91%4.10093.18%4.80090.91%
55.3565.30098.95%5.30098.95%5.00093.35%
65.2755.10096.68%5.10096.60%4.60087.20%
75.7835.70098.56%5.80099.71%5.70098.56%
84.6194.10088.76%4.60099.59%4.60099.59%
96.4596.20095.99%6.90093.17%7.20088.53%
104.3874.30098.02%4.20095.74%5.00086.03%
116.0805.60092.11%5.50090.46%6.00098.68%
125.4905.70096.17%5.70096.17%6.00090.71%
136.8456.70097.88%6.50094.96%7.30093.35%
146.4086.40099.88%6.30098.31%6.40099.88%
155.0345.40092.73%5.50090.74%4.70093.37%
163.8923.60092.50%3.90099.79%4.00097.23%
175.5996.00092.84%5.40096.45%5.80096.41%
186.4066.50098.53%7.20087.61%6.40099.91%
196.8476.20090.55%6.60096.39%7.20094.84%
204.3874.40099.70%4.00091.18%4.20095.74%
214.2334.40096.05%4.10096.86%4.30098.42%
226.1676.60092.98%6.50094.60%6.50094.60%
234.3964.60095.36%4.90088.54%4.30097.82%
244.3504.50096.55%4.20096.55%4.20096.55%
255.0465.50091.00%5.30094.96%5.20096.95%
), ArticleFig(id=1240702088032866505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碎石实测长度与识别长度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm分散形态不同高度碎石识别长度/cm Fragment recognized size at different heights in dispersed formations/cm接触状态Contact state 60 cm准确率Accuracy rate
60 cm准确率Accuracy rate90 cm准确率Accuracy rate
17.2567.50096.64%7.70093.88%7.80092.50%
25.7856.00096.28%5.40093.34%5.40093.34%
34.7184.80098.26%4.60097.50%5.00094.02%
44.4004.00090.91%4.10093.18%4.80090.91%
55.3565.30098.95%5.30098.95%5.00093.35%
65.2755.10096.68%5.10096.60%4.60087.20%
75.7835.70098.56%5.80099.71%5.70098.56%
84.6194.10088.76%4.60099.59%4.60099.59%
96.4596.20095.99%6.90093.17%7.20088.53%
104.3874.30098.02%4.20095.74%5.00086.03%
116.0805.60092.11%5.50090.46%6.00098.68%
125.4905.70096.17%5.70096.17%6.00090.71%
136.8456.70097.88%6.50094.96%7.30093.35%
146.4086.40099.88%6.30098.31%6.40099.88%
155.0345.40092.73%5.50090.74%4.70093.37%
163.8923.60092.50%3.90099.79%4.00097.23%
175.5996.00092.84%5.40096.45%5.80096.41%
186.4066.50098.53%7.20087.61%6.40099.91%
196.8476.20090.55%6.60096.39%7.20094.84%
204.3874.40099.70%4.00091.18%4.20095.74%
214.2334.40096.05%4.10096.86%4.30098.42%
226.1676.60092.98%6.50094.60%6.50094.60%
234.3964.60095.36%4.90088.54%4.30097.82%
244.3504.50096.55%4.20096.55%4.20096.55%
255.0465.50091.00%5.30094.96%5.20096.95%
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089496678607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702076997653098, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Measured size and recognized size of fragments at dynamic environment

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编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm识别长度/cm Recognized size/cm准确率Accuracy rate编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm识别长度/cm Recognized size/cm准确率Accuracy rate
17.2567.00096.47%146.8457.50090.43%
25.7855.90098.01%156.40611.60
34.7184.30091.14%165.046
44.4004.10093.18%175.0345.20096.70%
55.3565.70093.58%183.8923.60092.50%
65.2754.60087.20%195.5995.50098.23%
75.7835.50095.11%206.8477.30093.38%
84.6194.60099.59%214.3874.10093.46%
96.4595.50085.15%224.2334.80086.61%
104.3874.50097.42%236.1675.90095.67%
116.0806.30096.38%244.3964.40099.91%
125.4905.80094.35%254.3504.30098.85%
136.4086.90092.32%    
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动态环境下碎石实测长度与识别长度

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编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm识别长度/cm Recognized size/cm准确率Accuracy rate编号Number实测长度/cm Measured size/cm识别长度/cm Recognized size/cm准确率Accuracy rate
17.2567.00096.47%146.8457.50090.43%
25.7855.90098.01%156.40611.60
34.7184.30091.14%165.046
44.4004.10093.18%175.0345.20096.70%
55.3565.70093.58%183.8923.60092.50%
65.2754.60087.20%195.5995.50098.23%
75.7835.50095.11%206.8477.30093.38%
84.6194.60099.59%214.3874.10093.46%
96.4595.50085.15%224.2334.80086.61%
104.3874.50097.42%236.1675.90095.67%
116.0806.30096.38%244.3964.40099.91%
125.4905.80094.35%254.3504.30098.85%
136.4086.90092.32%    
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基于YOLOv8与双目视觉的爆破块度识别方法
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黄磊 1 , 陶明 2 , 刘玉龙 1 , 徐源泉 2 , 向恭梁 2
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(3): 106-115
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(3): 106-115
基于YOLOv8与双目视觉的爆破块度识别方法
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黄磊1 , 陶明2, 刘玉龙1, 徐源泉2 , 向恭梁2
作者信息
  • 1.中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京 100142
  • 2.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083
  • 黄磊(1987-)男,高级工程师、硕士,主要从事露天采矿、工程爆破技术经济等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)

    HUANG Lei (1987-), male, senior engineer, master degree, mainly engaged in the research work of surface mining, engineering blasting technology and economy, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

徐源泉(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山爆破、智慧矿山等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
Blasting Fragmentation Recognition Method based on YOLOv8 and Binocular Vision
Lei HUANG1 , Ming TAO2, Yu-long LIU1, Yuan-quan XU2 , Gong-liang XIANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.CGNPC Uranium Resources Co., LTD., Beijing 100142, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
出版时间: 2025-04-09 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.012
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为解决矿山爆破块度识别效率低下、精度不足以及复杂环境干扰等难题,提出了一种基于双目视觉的爆破块度识别新方法。通过构建YOLOv8实例分割模型,精准提取复杂光照条件下的爆后矿岩轮廓。结合双目测量技术,基于三维坐标转换与视差计算原理,获取碎石的最大尺寸。搭建了室内实验平台,验证了块度识别方法在不同参数下的碎石识别与尺寸计算精度。最后,提出了露天矿爆破块度智能化识别技术架构,开发了块度自动识别与分析系统。室内模拟测试结果表明:较低的拍摄高度有助于提高模型的识别精度,碎石间接触虽对个别目标识别造成影响,但整体精度未显著下降,所有碎石的识别准确率均在85%以上。动态环境下的识别精度略有下降,但80%的碎石尺寸计算准确率仍保持在90%以上,整体误差仍控制在可接受范围内,满足爆破碎石实时监测及后续分析需求。该方法已成功应用于纳米比亚湖山矿,并结合射频识别(RFID)技术获取物料来源信息,实现爆区碎石块度分布(FSD)的动态监测、精确分析与全面评估,为露天台阶爆破效果评价提供了先进的技术手段。

双目视觉  /  智能识别系统  /  RFID  /  爆破块度

To address the challenges of low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and interference from complex environments in mining blast fragmentation recognition, this paper proposes a novel blast fragmentation recognition method based on binocular vision. By constructing a YOLOv8 instance segmentation model, the post-blast rock contours are accurately extracted under complex lighting conditions. By combining binocular measurement technology with the principles of three-dimensional coordinate transformation and disparity calculation, the maximum size of the fragments is determined. An indoor experimental platform was established to verify the accuracy of fragmentation recognition and size calculation under different parameters. Furthermore, an intelligent recognition architecture for open-pit mine blast fragmentation was proposed, and an automatic fragmentation recognition and analysis system was developed. The results of indoor simulation tests indicate that a lower camera height helps improve the model's recognition accuracy. Although fragment contact slightly affects the recognition of individual targets, the overall accuracy remains unaffected, with the recognition accuracy of all fragments exceeding 85%. The recognition accuracy slightly decreases in dynamic environments. However, the size calculation accuracy for 80% of the fragments remains above 90%, and the overall error remains within an acceptable range, meeting the requirements for real-time monitoring and subsequent analysis in blast fragmentation. This method has been successfully applied at the Husab Mine in Namibia, utilizing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to obtain material source information. It enables dynamic monitoring, precise analysis, and comprehensive evaluation of the fragment size distribution (FSD) throughout the entire block, providing a novel technological approach for assessing the effectiveness of open-pit bench blasting.

binocular vision  /  intelligent recognition system  /  RFID  /  blast fragmentation
黄磊, 陶明, 刘玉龙, 徐源泉, 向恭梁. 基于YOLOv8与双目视觉的爆破块度识别方法. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (3) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.012
Lei HUANG, Ming TAO, Yu-long LIU, Yuan-quan XU, Gong-liang XIANG. Blasting Fragmentation Recognition Method based on YOLOv8 and Binocular Vision[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (3) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.012
在矿山开采中,爆破技术广泛应用于岩石破碎,爆破产生的岩石块度直接影响后续的铲装、运输及破碎过程的效率和成本[1-3]。理想的块度分布能够减少大块的产生,从而降低二次破碎成本,提高作业效率。传统的块度评价方法主要采用基于参照物的图像识别和筛分技术,这些方法不仅耗时,而且精度较低,难以适应复杂的矿区环境[4,5]。随着智能化技术的发展,爆破块度智能识别技术逐渐成为岩石破碎效果评价的重要手段,有效地补充和改进了传统方法,显著提升了爆破效果评价的精度和效率[6]
当前,爆破块度识别技术主要分为三类:基于接触式的筛分法和基于非接触式的图像处理和三维激光扫描技术[7-9]。传统筛分法具有一定的可靠性,但受制于现场环境和人力因素,难以满足大型矿山的实时需求。雷振等通过筛分法处理模型实验后的爆破块度[10],并将碎片粒径划分为5个范围。马泗洲等采用不同粒径筛网将碎块筛分[11],大于最大筛网的碎石用钢尺测量最大长度。Tao等提出了一种取临界值处理爆破块度的方法[1],基于格里菲斯理论,将大于该临界值的所有碎石称重,并按正方体计算出尺寸。然而,这些方法针对的都是实验中产生的重量较小岩块,对于露天爆破产生的大块矿岩则无法通过接触式方法进行分类测量。因此,随着图像处理技术不断发展,逐渐应用于矿山爆破块度的识别分析中。段继超[12]、黄雪峰等利用WipFrag软件对矿山爆堆图片进行识别分析[13],通过边缘检测、阈值分割等方法,系统能够识别出矿石颗粒的轮廓和边界,最后计算出每个封闭轮廓的长度。苗小虎[14]、罗志华[15]、叶海旺等使用Spilt Desktop软件对现场爆破块度进行分析[16],在爆堆中放置一个已知尺寸的篮球作为参照物,将图像中的像素与实际物理尺寸进行对应,从而准确计算矿岩块度大小。然而,参照物位置的选择往往依赖人为经验和主观判断,一定程度上影响了测量的客观性与准确性。此外,在生产环境中,爆破后块度分析需要快速完成,而图像识别技术往往存在一定的延时,无法达到实时反馈的要求。基于此,王大坤等提出了一种基于三维点云的块度处理方法[6],并通过聚类算法识别岩石轮廓,该方法实现了对岩石块度的三维尺寸计算,但对于爆堆中岩石堆叠、较小粒径的碎石处理准确性不高,仍存在较大的识别误差。综上所述,现有块度识别方法操作步骤繁琐,无法对爆破效果进行时效性、准确性分析。因此,亟须发展一种简单、高效、精准的爆破块度智能化识别方法。
本文提出了一种基于双目视觉的爆破块度智能评价方法,能够高效、快速地识别爆破块度。双目视觉技术通过获取目标物体的左右视角图像,并结合立体匹配算法计算出物体的深度信息。研究结果表明,该方法能精准识别岩石轮廓并计算其最大长度,实现了爆破效果的高精度评价与分析。
双目视觉是利用双目相机模拟人眼的立体视觉原理,分析两幅不同视角的图像来获取物体的三维空间信息。在碎石尺寸的计算中,双目视觉技术主要用于从破碎后的矿岩图像中提取三维信息,从而实现对碎石粒径的测量。双目立体视觉系统原理图如图1所示,通过两个摄像头获得图像信息,计算出视差,从而感知到物体的三维形体[17]
空间任意一点O在左右镜头的成像点分别为OLOR。根据光沿直线传播的规律,点O可以被描述为两个镜头的投影中心与各自成像点连线的交点。两个镜头之间的距离称为基线,假设基线长度为a。线段XLXR分别表示左、右相机成像点到各自成像面的距离,则点O在左右相机的视差s可以定义如下
成像点OLOR之间的距离为
根据相似三角形定理可知[18]
式中:f为相机焦距。
由此可得到点O到投影中心平面的距离Z
对于空间中的不同点,在左右镜头上的成像位置发生变化,因此视差也随之改变。根据式(4),视差与点到投影中心平面的距离成反比。视差越大,可测得的深度越小。因此,只需获取某点的视差,即可确定其深度信息。在已知视差、基线和焦距的条件下,才能计算出深度值。此外,该计算模型未考虑相机畸变或双相机光轴不平行等因素[18]
图2为任意点O在相机中的成像图,根据相似三角形定理,得到
因此,通过已知三维空间中任意点在不同图像上的视差,结合相机参数,可计算出该点的三维坐标。当获取同一块碎石上的点云坐标信息后,可利用最小外接圆法计算碎石的最大尺寸。
YOLOv8是一款高效和精细化的实例分割模型,其核心目标是实现高效的物体检测和实例分割[19,20]。实例分割的任务是对图像中的每一个物体(如不同的碎石)进行分割,并且区分同类物体的不同实例。该模型采用了多阶段的深度卷积神经网络架构,并引入了一些创新技术,在分割任务中达到较高的精度[21]。在爆破块度识别的场景中,YOLOv8模型不仅可以检测爆破后的岩石碎块,还可以精确分割出每个碎块的边界,并进行个体标识。
其整体架构如图3所示,主要包括Backbone、Neck、Head三个部分。Backbone(骨干网络)负责提取图像的特征。Volov8采用了一些高效的骨干网络,例如EfficientNet、ResNet等,来提高模型的提取能力。Neck(颈部网络)用于进一步增强特征的表示,进行特征融合与多尺度处理。Head(头部网络)用于进行最终的物体分类和分割任务[22]。特别是在实例分割的过程中,头部网络负责区分每个物体的像素级别的分割信息。
图4展示了一种基于YOLOv8实例分割模型的爆破碎石识别方法流程,涵盖碎石数据采集、标记、模型训练、识别以及数据分析五个核心步骤。在数据采集阶段,首先通过无人机从不同高度拍摄卡车爆堆图像,包括多种光照条件,这些数据用于模型的初步训练,赋予其基本的碎石识别能力。在后期测试阶段,双目相机安装完成后采集的原始图像被用于强化训练,以进一步提高模型在特定条件下的适应性和精准性。标注阶段利用LabelMe工具对碎石轮廓进行手动标注,生成符合YOLO格式的实例分割标签。同时,为应对矿山现场复杂的光照环境及扫描站框架阴影问题,开展了强光条件下的碎石标记工作,这种数据增强策略显著提高了模型在光照变化环境中的鲁棒性与准确性。在模型训练过程中,通过对数据集进行编号与轮次设计,确保训练的全面性和有效性。同时采用ROI(感兴趣区域)技术,剔除因双目相机水平视野范围大于卡车路面区域而引入的背景干扰,将目标聚焦于卡车箱斗区域,从而进一步提升了碎石识别的精度。模型训练完成后,可输出每块碎石的尺寸信息及识别效果图,为统计分析提供可靠的基础数据。模型中嵌入了数据分析模块,能够定量评估不同尺寸范围碎石的占比、块度特征尺寸、碎石尺寸分布,以及爆破效果评价等级,为矿山爆破参数优化与质量评价提供了科学依据。
为研究拍摄高度及碎石间接接触情况对模型识别准确性和尺寸计算精度的影响,开展了三组实验。在无接触条件下,分别选取60 cm和90 cm两个拍摄高度,分析高度变化对深度测量及碎石尺寸计算的影响。随后,在60 cm高度下增加碎石间接触实验,以评估碎石接触对模型识别精度的干扰。采用游标卡尺对碎石的实际尺寸进行精确测量,以获得真实值,验证块度识别方法的准确性。通过对比不同实验条件下的识别准确性与尺寸计算偏差,分析拍摄参数与碎石排列方式对模型性能的影响,为优化碎石尺寸测量提供理论支撑。
在现场设备部署过程中,双目相机被安装于龙门架上,卡车经过相机视野时触发自动拍摄程序。为确保双目相机在碎石图像采集及识别过程中具备稳定性,开展了室内模拟测试,复现实际工况中的拍摄视角与碎石识别环境。设计并搭建了门框式卡车扫描实验平台,将双目相机悬挂于钢架正上方,如图5所示。自动拍照功能由检测框高度变化触发,测试时相机距地面高度设定为135 cm,而当模拟卡车通过时,相机与碎石之间的距离为60 cm。为了提高拍照触发的灵敏度,阈值高度设定为100 cm,略高于相机与卡车顶部的距离,以确保精准识别车辆通过时刻。相机拍摄时长设定为3 s,拍摄频率为5 FPS,最终获取15张连续图像。所有图像随后传输至计算机,并采用实例分割模型进行处理,通过筛选碎石数量最多的图像,确定最佳影像用于后续分析,从而精准完成卡车物料的抓拍任务。该实验装置有效模拟了碎石在运输过程中相机的工作状态,使得算法优化能够更贴近实际应用需求。通过该实验平台,系统评估了双目相机在不同环境变量下的识别性能,为爆破块度智能识别方法的工程应用提供了坚实的技术支撑。
图6展示了不同实验条件下模型的识别效果及尺寸计算结果。实验中共放置25块碎石,在所有测试条件下均能准确识别目标,识别覆盖率达到100%,表明所采用的分割模型具备稳定高效的目标提取能力。表1对比了碎石的实测长度与识别长度,在60 cm拍摄高度下,仅一块碎石的识别准确率低于90%,最低为88.76%,最高可达99.88%;60%的碎石识别准确率超过95%,计算结果与实测值几乎一致。在90 cm高度下,两块碎石的识别准确率低于90%,最低为87.61%,最高达99.71%,52%的碎石计算准确率超过95%。实验结果表明,60 cm拍摄高度下模型识别精度更高。
随着拍摄高度增加,个别碎石的识别准确率略有下降,但最低值仍保持在85%以上,大部分碎石尺寸计算精度超过90%。这可能与较高拍摄角度导致的深度值误差增加有关,随着拍摄高度的增加,双目相机测量深度时的视差基线相对变小,深度估计误差相对增大。此外,较大的拍摄距离导致碎石轮廓边界在图像中表现得更加模糊,从而影响模型对碎石边界的精准识别,进而影响尺寸计算的准确性。另一方面,部分误差可能源于测量方法的不同,游标卡尺测得碎石的三维最大长度,而模型计算的是二维掩膜的外接圆直径,导致计算值略小于实测值。整体来看,对于小尺寸碎石(<10 cm),即使拍摄高度达90 cm,模型仍能保持较高的计算精度,为后续现场碎石的测量提供可靠数据支撑。
在碎石接触条件下,三块碎石的识别准确率低于90%,仍有50%的碎石识别准确率超过95%。相比无接触状态,少数碎石的尺寸计算精度略有下降,最低识别准确率为86.03%,但误差幅度较小,未对整体识别性能产生显著影响。精度下降可能源于碎石接触和重叠导致的边界模糊,使分割算法面临更大挑战。此外,碎石形态变化可能导致二维图像中部分信息缺失,影响尺寸计算精度。
图7展示了动态环境下最佳拍摄图像的处理结果,拍摄的碎石图像相比静止状态下的图像清晰度有所降低,增加了模型的识别难度。在该实验条件下,模型共检测到24块碎石,其中两块因边界模糊而被误识别为单个掩膜。这可能是由于室内光线较暗,车辆运动时碎石轮廓更难区分,导致分割精度略有下降。然而,整体识别准确率仍达到92%,表明该模型在复杂环境下依然具备较强的目标提取能力。表2列出了碎石尺寸计算结果,3块碎石的计算准确率低于90%,最低值为85.15%,但80%的碎石尺寸计算准确率仍保持在90%以上,该方法在低速动态环境下的计算误差较小,能够实现碎石的精准识别。实验结果表明,尽管在动态条件下,碎石识别精度略低于静态环境,但整体误差控制在可接受范围内,满足爆破碎石在线监测及后续分析的技术需求。
湖山矿位于非洲纳米比亚西部沿海地区,铀矿资源总量排名第三位,设计年平均剥采量为1亿t、年均开采矿石1500万t。湖山矿1、2号矿带矿体厚大,埋藏较浅。其中1号矿带见矿深度30~60 m,矿体最大垂直埋深约410 m,2号矿带见矿深度60~100 m,矿体最大垂直埋深约380 m,两矿带地层地质条件简单,岩石强度高,岩体整体性好,围岩稳固,且水文地质条件好,无灾害性地下水体或裂隙涌水,适合露天开采。
湖山矿引入放射性卡车扫描站计量的方法对矿车进行扫描,通过扫描测量出卡车上矿石的品位,从而区分矿石和废石。此外,将爆破块度智能化识别相关设备安装至扫描站框架,因此扫描站具备矿石品位检测和爆破块度识别两个功能。双目相机对过往的卡车进行抓拍,并将图片传输至工控机进行图像识别,计算碎石尺寸。无线射频识别(RFID)技术能实时捕捉运输车辆的动态信息,包括经过卡车扫描站的时间、爆区信息、载重等。这些数据能够与爆破块度信息关联,形成完整的运输和爆破记录,实现运输过程的精确追踪。扫描站顶部横梁高度为8 m,主要通过北方重汽100 t矿用卡车,卡车体长10.8 m、宽5.9 m、高4.9 m。
图8展示了爆破块度智能识别系统的总体架构。当卡车经过扫描站时,相机会自动触发拍照。根据现场卡车的运行速度,拍照时长设定为4 s,拍摄帧率为10 FPS。同时,RFID读卡器识别安装于卡车前端的电子标签,并将标签编号发送至工控机,再由工控机上传至服务器。工控机在接收到卡车爆堆信息后,立即对拍摄图像进行识别和分割,计算每个掩码对应碎石的最大长度。由于现场未覆盖公网4G信号,系统采用内网通信方式,通过CPE(无线通信模块)完成数据传输,并将处理后的数据发送至服务器。服务器接收到数据后,与调度系统交互卡车信息,并以图表形式呈现块度分析结果。当爆区内所有卡车完成通过双目相机和RFID读卡器的识别后,系统即可生成完整的爆区块度数据,全面评估爆区块度特性。
图9为现场安装示意图。相机安装于增高结构横杆的最外端,避免扫描站框架阻挡视野。所用相机为IP65工业等级,具备较强的露天环境适应能力。RFID读卡器及天线安装于框架右侧,与电子标签保持同侧位置,显著提高标签信息读取的稳定性。RFID设备本身具备防水、防尘特性,并通过框架的铁板与钢结构实现防晒保护。POE供电器、交换机和工控机放置于配置恒温空调的室外机箱中,机箱确保设备在高温环境下仍能稳定运行。
图10展示了双目相机拍摄的原图与实例分割模型的结果图,表明了该模型在复杂环境下的高效识别能力。现场实验结果进一步验证了块度识别算法模型在不同场景下的鲁棒性和准确性,特别是在卡车装载物料识别中,表现出优异的抗干扰能力。在本次测试中,拍摄场景包含地面杂物、扫描架阴影和光线变化等干扰因素。然而,模型不仅能够有效地排除这些干扰,还能精准定位和分割卡车箱斗中的主要碎石。即使在碎石边缘模糊、尺寸差异较大的情况下,模型也能较好地适应,显示了其对复杂目标的细致刻画能力。这种表现得益于模型良好的泛化能力和对多尺度目标的学习能力。此外,模型在训练过程中引入了针对性的数据增强策略,包括光照变化模拟、遮挡场景模拟等,显著提升了模型在实际应用场景中的稳定性。
图11展示了碎石块度评价数据的分析结果,包括不同尺寸范围内碎石数量占比及块度分布特征值。
车辆1的块度分布呈现明显的不均匀性,xmax(最大碎石尺寸)达到221.1 cm,而x80仅为56.2 cm。大于100 cm的碎石数量占比为2.6%,70~100 cm的碎片占比为2.1%,这表明车斗中的大块碎石数量少。车辆2中块度分布较为均匀,xmax为179.4 cm,而x80为88.9 cm。大于100 cm和70~100 cm的碎石数量占比分别为5%、7.6%,因此车斗中的大块碎石数量多。大块碎石数量的分布特征对后续破碎工序具有重要影响。大块碎石数量较少的车辆更有利于破碎设备的高效运行,而大块碎石占比较高的车辆则可能对设备的运转稳定性和能耗带来一定压力。通过对车辆内碎石块度分布的量化分析,能够清晰揭示车斗内碎石分布的均匀性及大块碎石的占比,为优化爆破参数及质量控制提供了直观的依据。
本文基于YOLOv8实例分割模型,结合双目视觉测量原理,提出了一种高精度的爆破块度智能识别方法。构建了爆破块度智能分析系统,实现对卡车爆堆的动态监测与精准分析,并引入RFID技术对卡车爆区信息进行实时追踪。室内实验结果表明,在碎石间相互接触的情况下,整体识别精度仍保持在85%以上;尽管动态环境对个别目标识别产生一定影响,80%的碎石尺寸计算准确率仍超过90%,整体误差控制在可接受范围内。此外,该方法在湖山矿现场成功应用,实现了矿区爆堆块度的高效动态识别与精准评估。其优异的识别性能能够有效应对光照变化、地表杂物干扰等复杂环境因素,显著提升块度分析的自动化与智能化水平,为露天矿山爆破优化设计与科学决策提供了重要技术支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274105)
  • 湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240247)
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2025年第42卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.012
  • 接收时间:2025-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-04-09
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-15
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274105)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52274105)
Hunan Graduate Research Innovation Project(CX20240247)
湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240247)
作者信息
    1.中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京 100142
    2.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083

通讯作者:

徐源泉(1998-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山爆破、智慧矿山等方面的研究工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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