Article(id=1240702073101144568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733500800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773736025357, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1742313600000, pubDateStr=2025-03-19, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773736025357, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773736025357, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736025357, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240702069502440044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773736024499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736381642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=63, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240702073310859773, articleId=1240702073101144568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Study on Transmission Distance of Emulsion Explosives under Constrained Conditions, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In mine excavation blasting engineering, smooth blasting typically uses detonating cords to transmit the explosion. This process has low construction efficiency, consumes a significant amount of blasting equipment, and increases the mine's production costs. To solve this problem, the sympathetic characteristics of explosives can be utilized to initiate detonation within holes. A research method that combines experiments on emulsion explosives' sympathetic detonation under various confinement materials with numerical simulations of the sympathetic detonation process in rocks is adopted. By analyzing the impact of confinement conditions, decoupling coefficients, and other factors on the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives, the stable sympathetic detonation distances of emulsion explosives with varying diameters and lengths in boreholes are identified. The conclusions are as follows: confinement conditions significantly influence the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives, with improved confinement resulting in a greater sympathetic detonation range. Under a specific radial uncoupling coefficient, the diameter of the explosive exerts a minor influence on the sympathetic detonation distance, which increases as the charge diameter enlarges. Additionally, the sympathetic detonation distance diminishes with an increase in the radial uncoupling coefficient and extends with the length of the explosive charge. Industrial trials were conducted to verify the findings, with the explosive spacing set at 70 cm. The results indicate that, in comparison to the conventional construction method utilizing detonating cord, the cost of blasting materials for smooth blasting in roof holes was diminished by 33.1 yuan per meter, representing a reduction of 36.1%.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SHI Xiu-zhi (1966-), male, from Xingtai, Hebei Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in research on blasting theory and technology, (E-mail) .
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在矿山掘进爆破工程中,光面爆破通常使用导爆索传爆,这种工艺施工效率低,耗费大量爆破器材,增加矿山的生产成本,可以通过利用炸药殉爆特性完成孔内炸药传爆解决此问题。采用不同约束材料下乳化炸药殉爆实验和岩石中炸药殉爆过程数值模拟结合的研究方法,以稳定殉爆距离为评判指标,分析约束条件、不耦合系数等因素对炸药殉爆距离的影响,得到不同直径和长度的乳化炸药在炮孔中的稳定殉爆距离。通过研究得出以下结论:约束条件对炸药殉爆距离影响十分显著,约束条件越好,乳化炸药殉爆距离越大;径向不耦合系数一定的条件下,乳化炸药直径对殉爆距离影响较小,炸药殉爆距离随药卷直径增大而增加;乳化炸药的殉爆距离随径向不耦合系数增加而减小,随药卷长度增加而增加。进行工业试验验证,将炸药间隔距离设置为70 cm,结果表明使用殉爆传爆法与采用导爆索传爆的常规施工方法相比,顶板孔光面爆破所用爆破器材成本降低33.1元/米,降低了36.1%。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
史秀志(1966-),男,河北邢台人,教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破理论与技术研究,(E-mail)
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田丰(2000-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Feng (2000-), male, from Lvliang, Shanxi Province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in mining blasting research, (E-mail) .

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田丰(2000-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Feng (2000-), male, from Lvliang, Shanxi Province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in mining blasting research, (E-mail) .

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田丰(2000-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

TIAN Feng (2000-), male, from Lvliang, Shanxi Province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in mining blasting research, (E-mail) .

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation of sympathetic detonation of heterogeneous condensed explosives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240702095905575319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=152, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=王晨, 伍俊英, 陈朗, journalName=爆炸与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晨,伍俊英,陈朗, 等. 壳装炸药殉爆实验和数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2010, 30(2): 152-158., articleTitle=壳装炸药殉爆实验和数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240702095981072793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=152, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=WANG Chen, WU Jun-ying, CHEN Lang, journalName=Explosion and Shock Waves, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Chen, WU Jun-ying, CHEN Lang, et al. Experiments and numerical simulations of sympathetic detonation of explosives in shell[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2010, 30(2): 152-158. 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companyId=1240702078604071643, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司 凡口铅锌矿,韶关 512325)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240702082550911940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Experimental charge structure, figureFileSmall=qa0XdP0w5Qy353dAEx2eDg==, figureFileBig=+Ifd57rMeAJO4vMFe/3vjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702082643186637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图1, caption=实验装药结构, figureFileSmall=qa0XdP0w5Qy353dAEx2eDg==, figureFileBig=+Ifd57rMeAJO4vMFe/3vjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702082827736029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=PVC pipe after explosion test, figureFileSmall=zmHtt6nj+ohGymKlnxXdDg==, figureFileBig=GJPf8nZABtVOV4sj68sCrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702082932593640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图2, caption=殉爆实验后的PVC管, figureFileSmall=zmHtt6nj+ohGymKlnxXdDg==, figureFileBig=GJPf8nZABtVOV4sj68sCrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083012285425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Galvanized iron pipe after explosion test, figureFileSmall=al4rx/zi92ZPEAsB15Opww==, figureFileBig=csQ8adOlw78bZTtKwFnL3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083104560119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图3, caption=殉爆实验后的镀锌铁管, figureFileSmall=al4rx/zi92ZPEAsB15Opww==, figureFileBig=csQ8adOlw78bZTtKwFnL3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083209417725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Emulsion explosive residue on pipe wall, figureFileSmall=u2+DghOx9rT+lfHF3lrL9w==, figureFileBig=kJ1K8WJT50cyBR6yO0fxhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083326857218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图4, caption=管壁残留乳化炸药, figureFileSmall=u2+DghOx9rT+lfHF3lrL9w==, figureFileBig=kJ1K8WJT50cyBR6yO0fxhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083448492046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Numerical model diagram, figureFileSmall=gBUd3o0GenwBY7vetCLQWw==, figureFileBig=AaxvnCJqYFqIpfWyoEyBGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702083528183828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图5, caption=数值模型示意图, 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figureFileSmall=3UMmjX0AODUvpZ0Q7SBmDA==, figureFileBig=7pgAeB0H1TobhLbvqOT4Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085260431405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同直径乳化炸药不同间隔距离下殉爆模拟压力云图, figureFileSmall=3UMmjX0AODUvpZ0Q7SBmDA==, figureFileBig=7pgAeB0H1TobhLbvqOT4Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085340123189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Pressure curves at monitoring points for emulsion explosives with different diameters and spacing intervals, figureFileSmall=2MaEJUnVXISuyquhGEDkyg==, figureFileBig=B+r0N4oTKRa+uxYgD/icqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085411426359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同直径乳化炸药不同间隔距离下监测点处压力曲线图, figureFileSmall=2MaEJUnVXISuyquhGEDkyg==, figureFileBig=B+r0N4oTKRa+uxYgD/icqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085512089663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Image of detonation distance varying with radial uncoupling coefficient, figureFileSmall=kFF4QleXNEMTi1bQdGokFQ==, figureFileBig=pMuT+k2ih7tmorSn7eNiPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085600170052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图9, caption=殉爆距离随径向不耦合系数变化示意图, figureFileSmall=kFF4QleXNEMTi1bQdGokFQ==, figureFileBig=pMuT+k2ih7tmorSn7eNiPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085688250441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Simulated pressure cloud diagrams of sympathetic detonation for emulsion explosives of different lengths at various spacings, figureFileSmall=XskVSjcmQGWD/dT1nEts7A==, figureFileBig=75cMdZ7MXOKGST7N4gfubA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085767942225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同长度乳化炸药不同间隔距离下殉爆模拟压力云图, figureFileSmall=XskVSjcmQGWD/dT1nEts7A==, figureFileBig=75cMdZ7MXOKGST7N4gfubA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085876994136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Pressure curves at monitoring points for emulsion explosives with different lengths and spacing intervals, figureFileSmall=8FWGCVzRRI8B8f5LtizLNg==, figureFileBig=iKYfqx/QnuDLfCxj74x4fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702085977657437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同长度乳化炸药不同间隔距离下监测点处压力曲线图, figureFileSmall=8FWGCVzRRI8B8f5LtizLNg==, figureFileBig=iKYfqx/QnuDLfCxj74x4fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086090903654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Variation of detonation distance with the length of charge, figureFileSmall=YeDWyipuXZDcXEjGx16M7g==, figureFileBig=CRPcbjC5ChmUEMaab/X+0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086183178347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图12, caption=殉爆距离随药卷长度变化示意图, figureFileSmall=YeDWyipuXZDcXEjGx16M7g==, figureFileBig=CRPcbjC5ChmUEMaab/X+0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086288035957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Structure diagram of detonating charge for detonating cord, figureFileSmall=YajTa15u/ksno1o7WiEZwg==, figureFileBig=MwKQ0vWwFjK3GoeG16HJmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086371922042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图13, caption=导爆索传爆装药结构示意图, figureFileSmall=YajTa15u/ksno1o7WiEZwg==, figureFileBig=MwKQ0vWwFjK3GoeG16HJmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086443225212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Schematic diagram of explosive charge structure, figureFileSmall=ecS3bVKL703J2dffVw503g==, figureFileBig=AtZCaprTxBaIajn2N+6gXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086535499905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图14, caption=殉爆传爆装药结构示意图, figureFileSmall=ecS3bVKL703J2dffVw503g==, figureFileBig=AtZCaprTxBaIajn2N+6gXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086606803080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Blasthole layout schematic diagram(unit:cm), figureFileSmall=o9F1HGwzxxElU49W17Gfvw==, figureFileBig=CRyeLMZlW2kVG3Dax8L4zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086732632207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图15, caption=炮孔布置示意图(单位:cm), figureFileSmall=o9F1HGwzxxElU49W17Gfvw==, figureFileBig=CRyeLMZlW2kVG3Dax8L4zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086862655636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Smooth blasting result, figureFileSmall=4L/4aIGCmOD8jmOd8UIo4A==, figureFileBig=Vaps4EponZxp7TtGQKKYnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702086942347416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=图16, caption=光面爆破后断面轮廓, figureFileSmall=4L/4aIGCmOD8jmOd8UIo4A==, figureFileBig=Vaps4EponZxp7TtGQKKYnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240702087043010717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Different pipe material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管材Pipe material外径/mm Outer diameter/mm壁厚/mm Wall thickness/mm抗拉强度/MPa Tensile strength/MPa熔点/℃ Melting point/℃
PVC管PVC pipe422.01185~205
522.01185~205
镀锌铁管Galvanized iron pipe422.04101520
522.04101520
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087156256932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同管材参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管材Pipe material外径/mm Outer diameter/mm壁厚/mm Wall thickness/mm抗拉强度/MPa Tensile strength/MPa熔点/℃ Melting point/℃
PVC管PVC pipe422.01185~205
522.01185~205
镀锌铁管Galvanized iron pipe422.04101520
522.04101520
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087256920229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Experimental explosive parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g·cm-3) Density/(g·cm-3)直径/mm Diameter/mm长度/mm Length/mm质量/g Mass/g爆轰速度/(m·s-1) Detonation velocity/(m·s-1)
1.15272301503900
1.15352703004000
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087365972140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实验炸药参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g·cm-3) Density/(g·cm-3)直径/mm Diameter/mm长度/mm Length/mm质量/g Mass/g爆轰速度/(m·s-1) Detonation velocity/(m·s-1)
1.15272301503900
1.15352703004000
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087462441136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental schedule

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素Influencing factors实验材料Experimental materials
约束条件Constraint conditions直径42 mm的PVC管和镀锌铁管,直径27 mm的乳化炸药PVC pipe and galvanized iron pipe with a diameter of 42 mm,and emulsion explosive with a diameter of 27 mm
径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管,直径27 mm的乳化炸药Galvanized iron pipes with diameters of 42 mm and 52 mm,and emulsion explosive with a diameter of 27 mm
药卷直径Diameter of the explosive cartridge直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管,直径27 mm、35 mm的乳化炸药Galvanized iron pipes with diameters of 42 mm and 52 mm,and emulsion explosives with diameters of 27 mm and 35 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087571493043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

实验方案表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素Influencing factors实验材料Experimental materials
约束条件Constraint conditions直径42 mm的PVC管和镀锌铁管,直径27 mm的乳化炸药PVC pipe and galvanized iron pipe with a diameter of 42 mm,and emulsion explosive with a diameter of 27 mm
径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管,直径27 mm的乳化炸药Galvanized iron pipes with diameters of 42 mm and 52 mm,and emulsion explosive with a diameter of 27 mm
药卷直径Diameter of the explosive cartridge直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管,直径27 mm、35 mm的乳化炸药Galvanized iron pipes with diameters of 42 mm and 52 mm,and emulsion explosives with diameters of 27 mm and 35 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087646990519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Experimental results of sympathetic detonation under different constraint conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管材Pipe间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
PVC管PVC pipe10完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
15、20、25、30、40均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
镀锌铁管Galvanized iron pipe30、40、60、80完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
85、90均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087797985469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同约束条件下炸药殉爆实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管材Pipe间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
PVC管PVC pipe10完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
15、20、25、30、40均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
镀锌铁管Galvanized iron pipe30、40、60、80完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
85、90均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087860900033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of sympathetic detonation test with diameter of 27 mm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
10、20、30、40、45完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
50只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
), ArticleFig(id=1240702087961563335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

炸药殉爆实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
10、20、30、40、45完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
50只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089437958347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of explosive detonation test with diameter of 35 mm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
10、30、40、50、70、80、85完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
90只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
100均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089547010255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

炸药殉爆实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发药卷殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor cartridge
10、30、40、50、70、80、85完全殉爆Complete sympathetic detonation
90只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
100均未完全殉爆No complete sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089672839382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Numerical simulation scheme for sympathetic detonation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号Scheme number影响因素Influencing factors炸药直径/mm Diameter/mm药卷长度/cm Length/cm间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm
1-1径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient222360、80、85、90
1-2272360、80、90、95、100
1-3302380、90、95、100
1-4352390、100、105、110
2-1药卷长度Length of the explosive cartridge271560、70、75、80
2-2271960、80、85、90
1-2272360、80、90、95、100
2-3272780、90、95、100、105
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089773502684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

殉爆数值模拟方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号Scheme number影响因素Influencing factors炸药直径/mm Diameter/mm药卷长度/cm Length/cm间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm
1-1径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient222360、80、85、90
1-2272360、80、90、95、100
1-3302380、90、95、100
1-4352390、100、105、110
2-1药卷长度Length of the explosive cartridge271560、70、75、80
2-2271960、80、85、90
1-2272360、80、90、95、100
2-3272780、90、95、100、105
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089882554594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Material mode parameter table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value单位Unit
岩石密度Rock density2700kg·m-3
抗拉强度Tensile strength4.73MPa
抗压强度Compressive strength65.71MPa
弹性模量Elastic modulus20.6GPa
泊松比Poisson′s ratio0.25N/A
屈服强度Yield strength69.73MPa
切线模量Tangent modulus168.7MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1240702089974829288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

材料模型参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter数值Numerical value单位Unit
岩石密度Rock density2700kg·m-3
抗拉强度Tensile strength4.73MPa
抗压强度Compressive strength65.71MPa
弹性模量Elastic modulus20.6GPa
泊松比Poisson′s ratio0.25N/A
屈服强度Yield strength69.73MPa
切线模量Tangent modulus168.7MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090062909678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Explosive and JWL equation of state parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/(kg·m-3) V d/(m·s-1) P CJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa
115040004.61779.95.782.080.37
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090155184370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

炸药及JWL状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/(kg·m-3) V d/(m·s-1) P CJ/GPa A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω E/GPa
115040004.61779.95.782.080.37
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090247459063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Reaction rate equation parameters of explosive being fired

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
a b c d e f I/μs-1 x y z G1/(GPa-2 μs-1) G2/(GPa-2 μs-1)
00.6670.6670.010.6670.6674.0e47.01.02.00.010.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090360705275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

被发炸药反应速率方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
a b c d e f I/μs-1 x y z G1/(GPa-2 μs-1) G2/(GPa-2 μs-1)
00.6670.6670.010.6670.6674.0e47.01.02.00.010.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090427814143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Air and its equation of state equation parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/(kg·m-3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E/GPa
1.2900000.40.400.025
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090482340100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

空气及其状态方程方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/(kg·m-3) C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E/GPa
1.2900000.40.400.025
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090553643272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Simulation results of emulsion sympathetic detonation with different diameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药直径/mm Diameter/mm径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发炸药殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor charge稳定殉爆距离/cm Stable sympathetic detonation distance/cm
  60、80都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
221.7385只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 180
  90均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
  60、80、90都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
271.4195只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 190
  100均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
301.2780、90、95都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation95
100只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
351.0990、100都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation100
105、110均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090645917966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

不同直径乳化炸药殉爆模拟实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药直径/mm Diameter/mm径向不耦合系数Radial uncoupling coefficient间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发炸药殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor charge稳定殉爆距离/cm Stable sympathetic detonation distance/cm
  60、80都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
221.7385只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 180
  90均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
  60、80、90都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
271.4195只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 190
  100均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
301.2780、90、95都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation95
100只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 1
351.0990、100都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation100
105、110均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090725609746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Simulation results of emulsion explosive detonation with different lengths

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药长度/cm Length/cm间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发炸药殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor charge稳定殉爆距离/cm Stable sympathetic detonation distance/cm
 60、70都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
1575只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 170
 80均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
1960、80都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation80
85、90均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
 60、80、90都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
2395只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 190
 100均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
2780、90、95都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation95
100、105均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090822078742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

不同长度乳化炸药殉爆模拟实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炸药长度/cm Length/cm间隔距离/cm Spacing distance/cm被发炸药殉爆结果Results of sympathetic detonation of the receptor charge稳定殉爆距离/cm Stable sympathetic detonation distance/cm
 60、70都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
1575只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 170
 80均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
1960、80都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation80
85、90均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
 60、80、90都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
2395只有1号被发炸药殉爆Sympathetic detonation occurred only in receptor charge 190
 100均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation 
2780、90、95都发生殉爆All receptor charges underwent sympathetic detonation95
100、105均未殉爆None of the charges underwent sympathetic detonation
), ArticleFig(id=1240702090935324955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=EN, label=Table 14, caption=

Comparison of economic benefits in tunneling blasting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Project导爆索传爆法Detonating cord initiation method殉爆传爆法Sympathetic detonation propagation method
消耗炸药/卷Consumes explosives/roll7.97.9
炸药成本/元The cost of explosives/yuan27.727.7
消耗导爆索长度/m Consumes the length of the detonating cord/m6.30
导爆索成本/元Detonating cord cost/yuan33.10
消耗数码电子雷管/个Consumes digital electronic detonators/piece22
数码电子雷管成本/元Digital electronic detonator cost/yuan3131
成本合计/元Total cost/yuan91.858.7
成本对比/% Cost comparison/%10063.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240702091048571169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702073101144568, language=CN, label=表14, caption=

掘进爆破经济效益对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Project导爆索传爆法Detonating cord initiation method殉爆传爆法Sympathetic detonation propagation method
消耗炸药/卷Consumes explosives/roll7.97.9
炸药成本/元The cost of explosives/yuan27.727.7
消耗导爆索长度/m Consumes the length of the detonating cord/m6.30
导爆索成本/元Detonating cord cost/yuan33.10
消耗数码电子雷管/个Consumes digital electronic detonators/piece22
数码电子雷管成本/元Digital electronic detonator cost/yuan3131
成本合计/元Total cost/yuan91.858.7
成本对比/% Cost comparison/%10063.9
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约束条件下乳化炸药殉爆距离研究
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田丰 1 , 史秀志 1 , 李波 2 , 王文洋 3 , 王衍海 3
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(3): 63-77
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(3): 63-77
约束条件下乳化炸药殉爆距离研究
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田丰1 , 史秀志1 , 李波2, 王文洋3, 王衍海3
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083
  • 2.江西赣锋锂业集团股份有限公司,新余 338025
  • 3.深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司 凡口铅锌矿,韶关 512325
  • 田丰(2000-),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事矿山控制爆破方面研究,(E-mail)

    TIAN Feng (2000-), male, from Lvliang, Shanxi Province, postgraduate, mainly engaged in mining blasting research, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

史秀志(1966-),男,河北邢台人,教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破理论与技术研究,(E-mail)
Study on Transmission Distance of Emulsion Explosives under Constrained Conditions
Feng TIAN1 , Xiu-zhi SHI1 , Bo LI2, Wen-yang WANG3, Yan-hai WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  • 2.Ganfeng Lithium Group Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338025, China
  • 3.Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Non-ferrous Metal Company Limited Fankou Lead-zinc Mine, Shaoguan 512325, China
出版时间: 2025-03-19 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.008
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在矿山掘进爆破工程中,光面爆破通常使用导爆索传爆,这种工艺施工效率低,耗费大量爆破器材,增加矿山的生产成本,可以通过利用炸药殉爆特性完成孔内炸药传爆解决此问题。采用不同约束材料下乳化炸药殉爆实验和岩石中炸药殉爆过程数值模拟结合的研究方法,以稳定殉爆距离为评判指标,分析约束条件、不耦合系数等因素对炸药殉爆距离的影响,得到不同直径和长度的乳化炸药在炮孔中的稳定殉爆距离。通过研究得出以下结论:约束条件对炸药殉爆距离影响十分显著,约束条件越好,乳化炸药殉爆距离越大;径向不耦合系数一定的条件下,乳化炸药直径对殉爆距离影响较小,炸药殉爆距离随药卷直径增大而增加;乳化炸药的殉爆距离随径向不耦合系数增加而减小,随药卷长度增加而增加。进行工业试验验证,将炸药间隔距离设置为70 cm,结果表明使用殉爆传爆法与采用导爆索传爆的常规施工方法相比,顶板孔光面爆破所用爆破器材成本降低33.1元/米,降低了36.1%。

矿山掘进  /  光面爆破  /  乳化炸药  /  约束条件  /  殉爆距离

In mine excavation blasting engineering, smooth blasting typically uses detonating cords to transmit the explosion. This process has low construction efficiency, consumes a significant amount of blasting equipment, and increases the mine's production costs. To solve this problem, the sympathetic characteristics of explosives can be utilized to initiate detonation within holes. A research method that combines experiments on emulsion explosives' sympathetic detonation under various confinement materials with numerical simulations of the sympathetic detonation process in rocks is adopted. By analyzing the impact of confinement conditions, decoupling coefficients, and other factors on the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives, the stable sympathetic detonation distances of emulsion explosives with varying diameters and lengths in boreholes are identified. The conclusions are as follows: confinement conditions significantly influence the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives, with improved confinement resulting in a greater sympathetic detonation range. Under a specific radial uncoupling coefficient, the diameter of the explosive exerts a minor influence on the sympathetic detonation distance, which increases as the charge diameter enlarges. Additionally, the sympathetic detonation distance diminishes with an increase in the radial uncoupling coefficient and extends with the length of the explosive charge. Industrial trials were conducted to verify the findings, with the explosive spacing set at 70 cm. The results indicate that, in comparison to the conventional construction method utilizing detonating cord, the cost of blasting materials for smooth blasting in roof holes was diminished by 33.1 yuan per meter, representing a reduction of 36.1%.

mine excavation  /  smooth blasting  /  emulsion explosive  /  constraint condition  /  explosion distance
田丰, 史秀志, 李波, 王文洋, 王衍海. 约束条件下乳化炸药殉爆距离研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (3) : 63 -77 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.008
Feng TIAN, Xiu-zhi SHI, Bo LI, Wen-yang WANG, Yan-hai WANG. Study on Transmission Distance of Emulsion Explosives under Constrained Conditions[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (3) : 63 -77 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.008
矿山巷道掘进爆破的周边孔通常需要进行光面爆破,以凡口铅锌矿为例,其装药结构一般为孔内使用雷管起爆、导爆索传爆,但这种工艺施工效率低、成本高。为降低光面爆破成本,可以取消装药结构中的导爆索,使用电子雷管直接起爆炸药,利用炸药殉爆特性引爆被发药包,完成孔内炸药传爆。
被发药包殉爆概率100%时主发药包与被发药包之间介质的最大长度称为最大稳定殉爆距离[1]。炸药的殉爆距离主要与主发炸药参数、被发炸药参数、炸药药量、外部的约束条件等因素有关,国内外学者对炸药殉爆机理及炸药殉爆距离的影响因素进行了很多研究[2-9],陈庆凯通过现场殉爆实验研究发现乳化炸药在铁管中殉爆距离大于在PVC管中[10],即约束条件越好,乳化炸药稳定殉爆距离越长,且殉爆距离随装药不耦合系数增加而降低。李启月为研究在炮孔约束下双槽聚能管对乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响[11],通过殉爆实验发现乳化炸药在聚能铁管中的殉爆距离与在普通铁管中相比增加了25 cm,聚能槽能够对爆炸产生的能量进行约束,减少能量散失。但这些研究主要针对殉爆距离的一个影响因素开展,没有对殉爆距离不同影响因素进行综合研究。
很多学者也通过数值模拟的方式对炸药殉爆距离的影响因素进行研究[12-18],周保顺使用LS-DYNA研究了非均质炸药主发药包产生的冲击波超压及其作用时间对被发药包的作用效果[19],并得出炸药殉爆距离与主发药包的爆轰压力、作用时间和被发药包的爆轰感度有关;王晨通过有限元数值模拟软件研究壳装厚度对炸药殉爆距离的影响[20],发现壳厚为3 mm时,临界殉爆距离最大。但这些数值模拟研究主要是对固体壳装炸药展开,对于乳化炸药殉爆数值模拟研究很少。
在工程爆破中,炸药多是放置于炮孔中,炮孔对炸药有约束作用,因此研究约束条件及在约束条件下不同因素对乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响具有工程实际意义。本文通过现场殉爆实验和数值模拟,基于掘进爆破中光面爆破所使用的乳化炸药,研究约束条件、不耦合系数、药卷直径等因素对炸药殉爆距离的影响,得到不同条件下炸药的稳定殉爆距离,并将研究成果应用于工业试验中,与采用导爆索传爆的常规施工方法进行经济效益对比,为利用殉爆完成光面爆破提供参考。
为探究约束条件、径向不耦合系数、药卷直径对炸药殉爆距离的影响,得出不同条件下乳化炸药的稳定殉爆距离,进行殉爆实验。实验选用直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管和直径42 mm、52 mm的PVC管,药卷直径27 mm、35 mm的2号岩石乳化炸药,所用管材参数如表1所示,乳化炸药规格参数如表2所示。
实验时模拟孔内装药结构如图1所示,主发药包使用电子雷管起爆。主发药包与管口的距离为L1,主发药包与1号被发药包、1号被发药包与2号被发药包间隔距离都为L2;2号被发药包与管口的距离为L3。为防止被发药包未殉爆前被空气冲击波冲出管口,L3取值不应过小,取L3≥30 cm。为避免药卷质量对实验的影响,每次实验药卷质量都为150 g。主发药包和被发药包端部都使用美工刀切平,避免药包端部形状对炸药殉爆距离的影响。殉爆实验方案如表3所示。
正式实验前对乳化炸药进行测试,得出无约束条件下炸药殉爆距离为5 cm。每次实验调整不同间隔距离,通过观察被发药包装药段管材断裂情况及管壁内是否有残留炸药来判断被发药包是否发生殉爆。图2为殉爆实验后的PVC管,图3(a)、(b)、(c)分别为镀锌铁管在被发药包都发生殉爆、只有1号被发药包殉爆、被发药包均未殉爆时的管材破坏情况,图4为管壁内残留乳化炸药示意图。
直径27 mm的乳化炸药在直径42 mm的PVC管和镀锌铁管中的实验结果如表4所示。
实验结果表明:直径27 mm的乳化炸药在直径42 mm的PVC管中稳定殉爆距离为10~15 cm,直径27 mm的乳化炸药在直径42 mm的镀锌铁管中的稳定殉爆距离为80 cm。对比实验结果,镀锌铁管的熔点、强度远高于PVC管,炸药爆炸产生的爆轰波在镀锌铁管中被约束的效果更好,能量衰减更为缓慢,殉爆距离远远超过了PVC管。综上可知约束条件对于乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响是极为显著的,约束条件越好,乳化炸药殉爆距离越大。
由前文可知,直径27 mm乳化炸药在直径42 mm镀锌铁管中的稳定殉爆距离为80 cm。直径27 mm乳化炸药在直径52 mm镀锌铁管中的实验结果如表5所示。
实验结果表明:直径27 mm的乳化炸药在直径52 mm的镀锌铁管中的稳定殉爆距离为45 cm。装药不耦合系数由1.41增大至1.78,殉爆距离由80 cm减少至45 cm。综上可知随着装药不耦合系数的增大,炸药殉爆距离减少。
直径27 mm、35 mm的乳化炸药在直径42 mm、52 mm的镀锌铁管中径向不耦合系数分别为1.41和1.37,两者径向不耦合系数大致相同。由前文可知,直径27 mm乳化炸药在直径42 mm镀锌铁管中的稳定殉爆距离为80 cm。直径35 mm乳化炸药在直径52 mm镀锌铁管中的实验结果如表6所示。
实验结果表明:直径35 mm的乳化炸药在直径52 mm的镀锌铁管中的稳定殉爆距离为85 cm,药卷直径从27 mm增大至35 mm,殉爆距离只增加了5 cm。综上可知药卷直径对炸药殉爆距离的影响较小,药卷直径增大,殉爆距离也增加。
上一节通过殉爆实验探究了不同因素对乳化炸药殉爆距离的影响,但实验只是对炸药殉爆现象有一个定性研究,利用数值模拟的方法可以更深入的研究炸药殉爆过程中应力波传播和压力变化规律。本节利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对乳化炸药在岩石炮孔中的殉爆过程进行研究,探究径向不耦合系数和药卷长度对殉爆距离的影响,得到不同条件下炸药稳定殉爆距离。
采用三维模型建模,模型单元对称,为提升计算效率采用1/4模型建模。参照凡口铅锌矿井下掘进爆破炮孔参数,设置炮孔深度为3.0 m,炮孔直径为38 mm。岩体尺寸大小为3.0 m×3.0 m×3.0 m。使用ANSYS模拟软件建立模型,网格划分在HyperMesh软件内完成,岩石网格单元大小为2 cm,炸药、空气、ALE网格单元大小设置为0.5 cm。建立的数值模型如图5所示,模型网格划分如图6所示。
建立不同直径和不同长度的乳化炸药模型进行数值模拟,改变主发炸药与1号被发炸药及两条被发炸药之间的间隔距离,通过分析主发炸药起爆后两条被发炸药的殉爆情况来进行研究。首先对主发炸药起爆后不同时刻下的压力云图进行分析,观察两条被发炸药在主发炸药爆炸产生的爆轰波冲击下的起爆情况,判断被发炸药是否完全殉爆并形成稳定的爆轰波。同时在两条被发炸药的中心布置监测点,1号被发炸药中心为监测点1,2号被发炸药中心为监测点2,分析监测点处压力随时间的变化情况,将监测点处的峰值压力与使用JWL状态方程所计算出的炸药完全反应后的爆轰压力作对比,进一步判断两条被发炸药的殉爆情况。数值模拟方案如表7所示。
选用LS-DYNA内置的3号岩石材料*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC,根据凡口铅锌矿岩石物理力学参数报告,材料模型中的各项参数如表8所示。
主发炸药模型采用8#材料:“*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN”,炸药及JWL状态方程参数如表9所示。
被发炸药采用点火增长模型“*EOS_IGNITION_AND_GROWTH_OF_REACTION_IN_HE”,被发炸药的反应速率方程参数如表10所示。
选用*MAT_NULL作为空气材料,其状态方程参数如表11所示。
对直径分别为22 mm、27 mm、30 mm、35 mm,长度都为23 cm的乳化炸药在不同间隔距离条件下进行数值模拟,将1/4模型对称后出图。不同时刻下的压力云图如图7所示,为节省篇幅后文未将所有间隔距离云图展示。在两条被发炸药的中心布置监测点,监测点处压力随时间变化的曲线如图8所示,图中不同颜色的曲线代表不同的间隔距离条件。
JWL状态方程是一种广泛应用于爆炸力学和爆轰产物膨胀过程模拟的状态方程,可以用来计算炸药完全反应后的爆轰波压力,如式(1)所示
表9中的参数代入上式中,计算得到乳化炸药完全反应后的爆轰波压力P为3.68 GPa,分析监测点1、2处的压力曲线图,若监测点峰值压力能达到3.68 GPa,则说明该被发炸药能殉爆并完全反应,若监测点峰值压力达不到3.68 GPa,则说明被发炸药未发生殉爆或没有完全殉爆。分析压力云图和压力曲线图,殉爆模拟实验结果如表12所示。
炸药殉爆距离随径向不耦合系数的变化如图9所示。
图9可得,在药卷长度一致的条件下,随着径向不耦合系数的增大,炸药的殉爆距离会减小。
对药卷长度为15 cm、19 cm、23 cm、27 cm,直径为27 mm乳化炸药在不同间隔距离条件下进行数值模拟,不同时刻下的压力云图如图10所示。监测点处压力随时间变化的曲线如图11所示。
分析压力云图和压力曲线图,殉爆模拟实验结果如表13所示。
炸药殉爆距离随药卷长度的变化如图12所示。
图12可得,在炸药直径都为27 mm的条件下,炸药殉爆距离随着药卷长度的增加而增加。
由前文可得直径27 mm、35 mm乳化炸药在炮孔中的稳定殉爆距离分别为90 cm、100 cm。本节通过在凡口铅锌矿进行掘进爆破现场工业试验,验证殉爆传爆法的可行性。
本次工业实验地点位于凡口铅锌矿-240 m中段,狮岭南18#穿脉巷道。实验巷道的岩石主要为条带瘤状灰岩,属于中等稳固,裂隙发育程度较低,岩石完整性较好。两种不同爆破方式的装药结构如图13图14所示。与常规光面爆破装药结构相比,使用殉爆传爆装药结构取消使用导爆索,并且增大了炸药间隔距离。
根据岩石性质及断面大小,设置炮孔共42个,采用直眼掏槽爆破方案,中心炮孔为掏槽孔,其周边4个炮孔为空孔,中间三个顶板孔距离顶板0.1 m,炮孔布置如图15所示。炮孔深度2.65 m,炮孔直径38 mm,使用直径27 mm、35 mm乳化炸药以及数码电子雷管进行工业试验。
本次爆破炮孔深度为2.65 m,掘进进尺为2.52 m,炮孔利用率达到了95%,现场未发现残留乳化炸药,说明炸药间隔距离设置为70 cm,炸药可以完全殉爆,并且可以取得较好的爆破效果。爆破后根据现场观测,半孔率达到90%以上,开挖断面形状规则,岩面平整,巷道成型较好,超欠挖量在规定指标以内,现场拍摄到的爆破后轮廓形状如图16所示。与采用雷管传爆的常规施工方法进行经济效益对比(由于掏槽孔、辅助孔、边帮孔、底孔装药结构相似,因此主要对比顶板孔的爆破器材消耗),结果如表14所示。从表中看出每掘进一米,顶板孔光面爆破所用爆破器材成本降低33.1元。殉爆传爆法在保证爆破效果的前提下,可以减少生产成本,简化工艺流程。因此,殉爆传爆法可以应用于矿山掘进爆破工程当中,并能为相似工程提供借鉴。
通过现场实验和数值模拟,研究分析不同因素对炸药殉爆距离的影响,得到不同乳化炸药在炮孔中的稳定殉爆距离,并进行工业试验验证。得出以下结论:
(1)约束条件对炸药殉爆距离影响十分显著,约束条件越好,乳化炸药殉爆距离越大;径向不耦合系数一定的条件下,乳化炸药直径对殉爆距离影响较小,炸药殉爆距离随药卷直径增大而增加。
(2)炸药殉爆距离随径向不耦合系数增大而减小,随药卷长度增加而增加。
(3)炸药间隔距离设置为70 cm,使用殉爆传爆法与采用导爆索传爆的常规施工方法进行经济效益对比,顶板孔光面爆破所用爆破器材成本降低33.1元/米,降低了36.1%。
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2025年第42卷第3期
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.008
  • 接收时间:2024-12-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-19
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-07
基金
the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374152)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374152)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,长沙 410083
    2.江西赣锋锂业集团股份有限公司,新余 338025
    3.深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司 凡口铅锌矿,韶关 512325

通讯作者:

史秀志(1966-),男,河北邢台人,教授、博士生导师,主要从事爆破理论与技术研究,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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