Article(id=1240702072706879978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731945600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773736025263, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1741276800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-07, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773736025263, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773736025263, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736025263, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240702069502440044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, year='2025', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='202', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773736024499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773736381642, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240703567544250808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, issueId=1240702069502440044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240702072920789489, articleId=1240702072706879978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Similar Rock Mass with Filled Joints at Different Dip Angles, columnId=1240702072862069231, journalTitle=Blasting, columnName=BLASTING IN ORE AND ROCK, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The presence of joint fractures significantly influences the dynamic performance of the rock mass. To investigate the effects of joint angles and filling materials on the dynamic response of filling joint samples under impact loading, a series of impact tests were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Samples with seven different joint angles and three types of filling materials were tested. The relationships between dynamic characteristics, energy dissipation, joint angles, and properties of the filling material were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) The stress-strain curves of the joint samples of different filling media are significantly different. The stress-strain curves of sediment and lime filling samples show plastic failure characteristics at joint angle α≤45° and brittle failure at joint angle α>45°, while gypsum filled samples primarily display brittle failure, except at joint angle α=45°, where plastic failure occurs due to stress wave propagation effects. (2) The dynamic compressive strength of joint samples with the same filling material initially decreases and then increases with the increasing joint angle α, reaching a minimum value at α=45°. Among the three filling materials, gypsum-filled joints exhibit the highest compressive strengths. (3) Energy dissipation characteristics vary with joint angle. The reflected energy ratio increases initially and then decreases, peaking at α=45°, while the transmitted and absorbed energy ratios decrease initially and then increase, reaching their lowest values at α=45°. These findings provide critical insights into the dynamic behavior of jointed rock masses and have practical implications for engineering applications involving impact or blast loading.

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ZHU Wen-hua (1966-), male, born in Xinyang city, Henan province, master degree, associate researcher, mainly engaged in the teaching and scientific research of geotechnical engineering, (E-mail) .
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节理裂隙的存在是影响岩体动力学性能的主要原因,以节理岩体中不同倾角和充填介质为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)完成了7种不同节理倾角、3类不同充填介质的节理试样的冲击试验,研究节理试样的动力特性、能量耗散规律。结果表明:(1)不同充填介质节理试样的应力-应变曲线差异明显,泥沙、石灰节理试样的应力-应变曲线在倾角α≤45°时表现出塑性破坏特征,α>45°时表现为脆性破坏,而石膏节理试样以脆性破坏为主,仅在α=45°时由于应力波传播的影响表现出塑性破坏;(2)同一充填介质节理试样的动态抗压强度随倾角α的增大先减小后增大,当α=45°时处于最小值,同一角度下3类节理试样的动态抗压强度关系为:石膏节理>石灰节理>泥沙节理,与节理充填介质单轴抗压强度的大小关系一致;(3)3组试样的各能量比随倾角α的增大呈现不同趋势,反射能量比随倾角α增大先增大后减小,在α=45°时达到最大值,透射能量比和吸收能量比随节理倾角α增大先减小后增大,在α=45°时达到最小值。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
祝文化(1966-),男,河南信阳人,硕士、副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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王智德(1983-),男,湖南湘潭人,博士、高级实验师、硕士生导师,主要从事岩土工程爆破开挖设计等方面的研究,(E-mail)

WANG Zhi-de (1983-), male, born in Xiangtan city, Hunan province, Ph.D, senior experimenter, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in the research of geotechnical engineering blasting and excavation design, (E-mail) .

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王智德(1983-),男,湖南湘潭人,博士、高级实验师、硕士生导师,主要从事岩土工程爆破开挖设计等方面的研究,(E-mail)

WANG Zhi-de (1983-), male, born in Xiangtan city, Hunan province, Ph.D, senior experimenter, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in the research of geotechnical engineering blasting and excavation design, (E-mail) .

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王智德(1983-),男,湖南湘潭人,博士、高级实验师、硕士生导师,主要从事岩土工程爆破开挖设计等方面的研究,(E-mail)

WANG Zhi-de (1983-), male, born in Xiangtan city, Hunan province, Ph.D, senior experimenter, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in the research of geotechnical engineering blasting and excavation design, (E-mail) .

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Physical and mechanical parameters of concrete and jointed filling materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料Material配比Proportion密度Density/(kg·m-3)单轴抗压强度Uniaxial compressive strength/MPa泊松比Poisson′s ratio弹性模量Young′s modulus/GPa波速Wave velocity/(m·s-1)
混凝土Concrete水泥∶砂∶水=3∶2∶1 Cement∶sand∶water=3∶2∶1229058.900.252.163754
泥沙砂浆Muddy mortar粘土∶砂∶水=2.4∶1.6∶1 Clay∶sand∶water=2.4∶1.6∶119901.610.232.30851
石灰砂浆Lime mortar石灰∶砂∶水=0.8∶0.8∶1 Lime∶sand∶water=0.8∶0.8∶114002.230.271.701258
石膏Gypsum石膏粉∶水=4∶1 Gypsum∶water=4∶1185027.800.297.201450
), ArticleFig(id=1240702085973463132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240670690148397066, articleId=1240702072706879978, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

混凝土与节理充填介质的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料Material配比Proportion密度Density/(kg·m-3)单轴抗压强度Uniaxial compressive strength/MPa泊松比Poisson′s ratio弹性模量Young′s modulus/GPa波速Wave velocity/(m·s-1)
混凝土Concrete水泥∶砂∶水=3∶2∶1 Cement∶sand∶water=3∶2∶1229058.900.252.163754
泥沙砂浆Muddy mortar粘土∶砂∶水=2.4∶1.6∶1 Clay∶sand∶water=2.4∶1.6∶119901.610.232.30851
石灰砂浆Lime mortar石灰∶砂∶水=0.8∶0.8∶1 Lime∶sand∶water=0.8∶0.8∶114002.230.271.701258
石膏Gypsum石膏粉∶水=4∶1 Gypsum∶water=4∶1185027.800.297.201450
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不同倾角充填节理相似岩体动力特性试验研究
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王智德 1 , 吴洋 1 , 杨文东 1 , 吝曼卿 2, 3 , 祝文化 1 , 胡世士 4 , 魏巍 4 , 邸月康 5
爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025,42(3): 46-53
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爆破 | 矿岩爆破 2025, 42(3): 46-53
不同倾角充填节理相似岩体动力特性试验研究
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王智德1 , 吴洋1, 杨文东1, 吝曼卿2, 3, 祝文化1 , 胡世士4, 魏巍4, 邸月康5
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070
  • 2.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,武汉 430205
  • 3.磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心,武汉 430205
  • 4.中国葛洲坝集团 水泥有限公司,武汉 430073
  • 5.通号建设集团有限公司 第四分公司,北京 101400
  • 王智德(1983-),男,湖南湘潭人,博士、高级实验师、硕士生导师,主要从事岩土工程爆破开挖设计等方面的研究,(E-mail)

    WANG Zhi-de (1983-), male, born in Xiangtan city, Hunan province, Ph.D, senior experimenter, master's supervisor, mainly engaged in the research of geotechnical engineering blasting and excavation design, (E-mail) .

通讯作者:

祝文化(1966-),男,河南信阳人,硕士、副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Similar Rock Mass with Filled Joints at Different Dip Angles
Zhi-de WANG1 , Yang WU1, Wen-dong YANG1, Man-qing LIN2, 3, Wen-hua ZHU1 , Shi-shi HU4, Wei WEI4, Yue-kang DI5
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2.School of Resources & Safety Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
  • 3.Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
  • 4.China Gezhouba Group Cement Co.. Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
  • 5.The Fourth Branch of China Railway Signal & Communication Construction Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, China
出版时间: 2025-03-07 doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.006
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节理裂隙的存在是影响岩体动力学性能的主要原因,以节理岩体中不同倾角和充填介质为研究对象,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)完成了7种不同节理倾角、3类不同充填介质的节理试样的冲击试验,研究节理试样的动力特性、能量耗散规律。结果表明:(1)不同充填介质节理试样的应力-应变曲线差异明显,泥沙、石灰节理试样的应力-应变曲线在倾角α≤45°时表现出塑性破坏特征,α>45°时表现为脆性破坏,而石膏节理试样以脆性破坏为主,仅在α=45°时由于应力波传播的影响表现出塑性破坏;(2)同一充填介质节理试样的动态抗压强度随倾角α的增大先减小后增大,当α=45°时处于最小值,同一角度下3类节理试样的动态抗压强度关系为:石膏节理>石灰节理>泥沙节理,与节理充填介质单轴抗压强度的大小关系一致;(3)3组试样的各能量比随倾角α的增大呈现不同趋势,反射能量比随倾角α增大先增大后减小,在α=45°时达到最大值,透射能量比和吸收能量比随节理倾角α增大先减小后增大,在α=45°时达到最小值。

SHPB  /  节理倾角  /  充填介质  /  动力特性  /  能量耗散规律

The presence of joint fractures significantly influences the dynamic performance of the rock mass. To investigate the effects of joint angles and filling materials on the dynamic response of filling joint samples under impact loading, a series of impact tests were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Samples with seven different joint angles and three types of filling materials were tested. The relationships between dynamic characteristics, energy dissipation, joint angles, and properties of the filling material were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) The stress-strain curves of the joint samples of different filling media are significantly different. The stress-strain curves of sediment and lime filling samples show plastic failure characteristics at joint angle α≤45° and brittle failure at joint angle α>45°, while gypsum filled samples primarily display brittle failure, except at joint angle α=45°, where plastic failure occurs due to stress wave propagation effects. (2) The dynamic compressive strength of joint samples with the same filling material initially decreases and then increases with the increasing joint angle α, reaching a minimum value at α=45°. Among the three filling materials, gypsum-filled joints exhibit the highest compressive strengths. (3) Energy dissipation characteristics vary with joint angle. The reflected energy ratio increases initially and then decreases, peaking at α=45°, while the transmitted and absorbed energy ratios decrease initially and then increase, reaching their lowest values at α=45°. These findings provide critical insights into the dynamic behavior of jointed rock masses and have practical implications for engineering applications involving impact or blast loading.

SHPB  /  joint angles  /  filling material  /  dynamic characteristics  /  energy dissipation law
王智德, 吴洋, 杨文东, 吝曼卿, 祝文化, 胡世士, 魏巍, 邸月康. 不同倾角充填节理相似岩体动力特性试验研究. 爆破, 2025 , 42 (3) : 46 -53 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.006
Zhi-de WANG, Yang WU, Wen-dong YANG, Man-qing LIN, Wen-hua ZHU, Shi-shi HU, Wei WEI, Yue-kang DI. Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Similar Rock Mass with Filled Joints at Different Dip Angles[J]. Blasting, 2025 , 42 (3) : 46 -53 . DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.006
充填节理岩体表现出的不连续性、不均匀性、各向异性是岩质边坡的主要特征。在工程爆破中,爆炸应力波在充填节理处会发生反射与透射,影响节理岩体的动力特性和能量耗散规律,如果操作不当会引发坡体崩塌或滑移,导致人员伤亡和经济损失。因此,深入研究节理岩体在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应规律,对边坡爆破失稳和崩塌灾害的控制具有重要的工程意义。
目前,关于节理岩体动力响应规律的研究已取得系列成果,主要集中在节理充填介质、厚度、数量及倾角等内容,其中节理倾角和充填介质在岩体稳定性分析中尤为重要[1-4]。节理倾角方面,如马芹永等通过冲击试验研究了7种不同倾角的充填型软弱贯通节理砂岩试件[5],发现节理倾角对试件的动态强度和破坏模式具有显著影响;Pan Bo等结合核磁共振技术[6,7],从动态强度、能量耗散和细观损伤等角度分析了节理倾角对类岩材料动态响应的影响规律;王建国等通过拟合能量耗散比与节理倾角的关系[8],发现其变化曲线近似于一个周期的正弦曲线;Wen Sen等研究了不同倾角层状复合岩体的动力特性[9],揭示了岩体破坏模式随倾角变化的规律;田栩帆等对含7种角度的天然节理岩样进行冲击试验[10],从动态力学特性与能量传递规律的角度分析了节理倾角的影响。充填介质方面,如杨仁树等采用相似材料制作节理模型试件[11],探究了充填介质对岩石动态力学性能的影响;刘鑫等通过有围压条件下的消波效能试验[12],研究了3种不同填充裂隙试件的动力特性;柴少波等通过波速变化[13],分别从岩样的强度变形特征、波传播特性以及能量耗散等方面,分析了4种不同材料充填节理岩样的累积损伤规律;王雁冰等以砂岩和花岗岩为软硬岩基质[14],研究了软硬介质组合岩体胶结面两侧岩石的应力时程曲线变化规律,揭示了软硬系数与损伤演化的关系;Han Zhen-yu等通过动态单轴压缩试验[15],分析了不同配比水泥砂浆充填的砂岩试件的应力波衰减系数、动态应力-应变关系及能量耗散规律,并结合高速摄影记录了试样的压裂过程和破坏模式。
以上研究成果偏重于节理倾角或充填介质等单一变量对节理岩体动力响应规律的影响上,综合考虑节理倾角和充填介质等多变量相互作用的研究成果不多,然而在实际工程中类似特征的天然岩体却时常出现。为了进一步探究其动力特性,以某高速公路顺层岩质边坡项目为依托,选取泥沙、石灰和石膏3种充填介质,设计了7种不同倾角节理,共制作21种组合试样。利用SHPB冲击试验系统,从应力-应变曲线、动态抗压强度以及能量耗散规律三个方面展开分析,研究节理倾角和充填介质对节理岩体动力学特性的影响,并获取能量耗散规律,旨在为该项目及类似工程的爆破作业提供理论依据和实践指导。
本试验所使用的SHPB装置主要由充气加载装置、冲击杆、入射杆、透射杆、吸收杆以及采集装置组成,试验装置如图1所示。各杆均由同一高强度钢材料制成,直径60 mm,弹性模量210 GPa,纵波波速5190 m/s,密度7.8 g/cm3。其中入射杆和透射杆的长度均为2000 mm,冲击杆长度为400 mm。
试验过程中,通过在入射杆与透射杆上粘贴应变片,并借助与之相连的超动态应变采集仪获取应变数据(入射应变εi、反射应变εr和透射应变εt)。基于动应力平衡和一维应力波理论[16],根据三波法可计算出节理试样的应力σ(t)、应变ε(t)和应变率
式中:A为压杆截面面积;Eb为压杆弹性模量;As为试件截面面积;c为压杆中应力波波速;ls为试件长度;t为时间。
因现场获取不同倾角的充填节理岩样困难,故采用人工制作的节理试样进行试验研究。本文依托的云南省某高速公路顺层岩质边坡项目,沿路线区下伏基岩主要为二叠系下统栖霞组的灰岩、页岩夹灰岩、泥灰岩等,故选用与岩石性质相似的混凝土作为类岩材料,通过试验确定类岩材料的配比,使其物理力学参数与现场基岩取样测试所得的结果相近。
对于节理材料,勘察结果显示:K0+040~K0+998段层间节理成分多为风化岩屑,K2+020~K2+400段层间节理以泥膜形式存在,K3+625~K3+760段层间节理以泥膜状和胶结形式存在,因此选用性质相似的泥沙、石灰和石膏分别模拟泥膜、岩屑以及胶结物,同时基于勘察结果确定节理材料的配比,使其各项性质弱于类岩材料,如表1所示。
本次试验制备的节理试样尺寸均为ϕ×H(直径×高度)=50×50 mm,节理的倾角α(节理面与水平面的夹角)为0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°和90°,共7种角度,其中节理充填厚度均为5 mm,试样如图2所示。为保证试验结果的准确性,每种类型试样制备不少于3个作为平行试验,并制备3个完整试样作为对照,制备好的节理试样如图3所示。
通过预实验发现,当冲击气压为0.07 MPa时,试样的破碎形态理想,满足试验与分析要求,因此为了消除入射波随冲击气压变化产生的差异对结果的影响,始终采用气压0.07 MPa进行冲击试验。以0°石膏节理试样的三波信号为例,入射波的幅值保持在0.11~0.12 V之间,如图4所示,根据式(3)可得各试样的应变率在55~65 s-1之间。
动态应力平衡是检验SHPB试验结果是否有效的关键。0°石膏节理试样的动态应力平衡如图5所示,入射应力+反射应力之和与透射应力基本吻合,整体上表现出良好的应力平衡,表明节理试样在冲击过程中处于动态应力平衡状态,试验结果可靠。
联立式(1)和(2),消除时间t可得到充填节理试样的动态应力-应变关系。从各组试验中选出具有代表性的应力-应变曲线,并以完整试样作为参照,三种充填介质节理试样的应力-应变曲线如图6所示。
对于泥沙、石灰节理试样,两组试样的应力-应变曲线大致相似,如图6(a)图6(b)所示。节理倾角α≤45°时,应力-应变曲线与完整试样差别较大,曲线走势平缓,应力在应变快速增长过程中无较大增长,表现出明显的塑性破坏特征,在塑性段呈现出“塑性平台”现象;α>45°时,应力-应变曲线则与完整试样相似,应力在应变增长过程中有一定幅度的增长,表现出脆性破坏特征。
对于石膏节理试样,仅有α=45°试样的应力-应变曲线与α≤45°的泥沙、石灰节理试样类似,应力在弹性段与塑性段无较大增长,曲线整体表现出塑性破坏特征,其余角度的应力-应变曲线则与完整试样相似,如图6(d)所示。应力随应变增长快速增大,表现出明显的脆性破坏特征,相比完整试样主要的差异表现为压密段曲线更长,其原因是石膏相比岩石延展性更好,压缩变形时间相对更长。
充填介质不同是节理试样应力-应变曲线差异的主要原因。泥沙、石灰的抗压能力较弱,α≤45°的节理试样在冲击荷载作用下抗压能力较低的节理部分破坏迅速,两侧岩石部分尚未完全破坏,试样并没有立刻失去承载能力,曲线出现了应力近似阶段呈现“塑性平台”现象。而α>45°的泥沙、石灰节理试样由于轴向两侧存在连续岩石部分,岩石的抗压能力较泥沙、石灰更好,试样表现出脆性破坏特征;而石膏断裂韧性较低,故大部分石膏节理试样表现为明显的脆性破坏特征。
节理对应力波传播的影响也是造成节理试样的应力-应变曲线差异的原因。根据三波法原理,满足动应力平衡(即εiεrεt)前提下,试样的应力大小与透射应力大小正相关,应变与反射应力大小正相关。基于波阻抗的定义及相关成果[17],泥沙、石灰波阻抗远小于两端岩石,应力波透射效率极低,大部分应力波被反射回去,只有少部分穿过节理,从而导致节理试样在冲击过程中应变较大而应力无大幅增长;而石膏的波阻抗较大,应力波透射效率高,因此节理试样的应力随应变增加有大幅增长。此外,节理角度也会影响应力波的传播,三类节理试样在α=45°时大部分应力波都被反射,只有少部分发生透射,这是45°石膏节理试样的应力在冲击过程中随应变增加无大幅增长的主要原因。
3类节理试样的动态抗压强度与节理倾角的关系如图7所示。3类节理试样的动态抗压强度均随角度的增大先减小后增大,整体呈“V”形变化。当倾角α<45°时,试样的动态抗压强度随角度增大而减小,当α>45°时,试样的动态抗压强度随角度增大而增大,节理试样的动态抗压强度在α=45°时达到最小值。同一角度下,3类节理试样的动态抗压强度大小关系为:石膏节理>石灰节理>泥沙节理。
对于泥沙、石灰节理试样,当α≤45°时,节理对试样整体动态抗压强度的削弱显著,α=0°时,试样的动态抗压强度约为完整试样的16%,α=45°试样仅有9%。当α>45°时,这种削弱能力逐渐减弱,α=60°时,为完整试样的20%;α=90°时,为56%,其原因是α≥45°时试样的轴向存在连续岩块,对试样的整体抗压能力有一定的增强。
对于石膏节理试样,当α<45°时,节理对试样整体动态抗压强度的削弱不明显,α=0°时,试样的动态抗压强度为完整试样的94%,α=30°试样为88%。当α≥45°时,这种削弱能力反而得到增强,尤其是α=45°试样的动态抗压强度出现了骤降,为完整试样的14%,α=90°时,为完整试样的71%,低于α<45°的石膏节理试样,这是由于α≥45°时石膏材料的抗压性能无法充分发挥,石膏与岩石间的弱粘结力和摩擦力成为影响试样动态抗压能力的主要因素,因此大角度试样的动态抗压强度低于小角度(α<45°)试样。
综上,节理对试样动态抗压强度的削弱因充填介质不同而有所差异。对于泥沙、石灰这类抗压强度低的节理材料,α=0°~ 45°时,动态抗压强度的削弱较强,在爆破作业中,对于含有碎屑、泥屑等介质的节理边坡,破岩角度宜小于45°,当α=45°为最佳破岩角度;而对于含石膏这类胶结性介质的节理边坡,α=45°~90°时,动态抗压强度的削弱较强,破岩角度宜大于45°,最佳破岩角度同样为45°。
根据一维应力假设,忽略应力波在杆中传播所造成的能量衰减,入射能Wi、反射能Wr和透射能Wt可表示为
式中:WiWrWt分别为入射能、反射能、透射能;εi(t)、εr(t)、εt(t)分别为入射应变、反射应变、透射应变。
用于试样破坏的吸收能Ws则可以表示为
为了消除入射能差异对试验结果分析造成的影响,采用能量比法对节理试样的能量结构进行分析[18]。引入三种能量比,即反射能量比TrWr/Wi、透射能量比TtWt/Wi和吸收能量比TsWs/Wi,研究它们与节理角度和填充材料的关系,如图8所示。
图8可以看出,3类节理试样的能量比与节理倾角的关系整体一致:当节理倾角α<45°时,透射能量比与吸收能量比随角度增大而下降,反射能量比随角度增大而上升;当α>45°时,透射能量比与吸收能量比随角度增大而上升,反射能量比则随角度增大而下降;当α=45°时,透射能量比与吸收能量比达到最小值,反射能量比达到最大值。
导致该现象的原因有两方面。首先,入射应力波会在节理处发生反射与透射,当α=45°时,大部分应力波都被反射回去,仅有少部分发生透射,此时节理试样的反射能量比最大,而透射能量比最小;其次,节理试样的能量吸收能力与其动态抗压强度相关,α=45°节理试样的动态抗压强度最低,破坏时所需的能量最少,吸收能量比也最小。
不同充填介质节理试样的能量比之间也有较大差异,在相同角度下,三者的透射能量比与吸收能量比表现为:石膏节理试样>石灰节理试样>泥沙节理试样;在反射能量比方面,表现为:石膏节理试样<石灰节理试样<泥沙节理试样。
节理充填介质的特性差异是导致该现象的主要原因。一方面,节理部分的波阻抗越小能量传递效率越差[19],基于波阻抗的定义可知石膏的波阻抗大于石灰、泥沙,因此石膏节理的能量传递效率更高,应力波穿过石膏节理时透射能量比更高,而反射能量比更低;另一方面,石膏的抗压强度大于石灰、泥沙,故节理试样的动态抗压强度更高,石膏节理试样在破坏时所需的能量更多,吸收能量比高于其他两组试样。
综上可知,在相同爆破荷载下,破岩角度为45°时破岩效率最高,且泥沙充填的节理岩体最易破坏,针对不同类型的边坡,通过合理地选择破岩角度,并控制炸药用量,既可有效提高爆破效率又能减少爆破成本。
通过开展不同节理倾角和充填介质节理试样的SHPB冲击试验,分析了节理角度和充填介质对节理试样动力特性的影响,从能量比的角度揭示了节理试件的能量耗散规律与节理倾角和充填介质的关系,为顺层岩质边坡工程的爆破作业提供了理论依据,主要结论如下:
(1)在相同冲击荷载作用下,不同充填介质节理试样的应力-应变曲线差异明显,充填介质的抗压强度会影响节理试样的应力-应变曲线。对于泥沙、石灰节理试样,当节理倾角α≤45°时应力–应变曲线呈现明显的塑性破坏特征,α>45°时曲线则表现出脆性破坏特征;对于石膏节理试样,应力–应变曲线整体与完整试样相似,表现出明显的脆性破坏特征,仅在α=45°时由于节理对应力波传播的影响表现出塑性破坏特征。
(2)同一节理试样的动态抗压强度在α<45°时随角度增大而减小,在α>45°时随角度增大而增大,在α=45°时达到最小值,呈现出“V”型变化。节理对试样动态抗压强度的削弱因充填介质不同而有所差异,泥沙、石灰节理试样主要体现在0°~45°,而石膏节理试样主要体现在45°~90°。
(3)3类节理试样的反射能量比随节理角度增加先增大后减小,在α=45°时达到最大值,透射能量比和吸收能量比随节理角度增加先减小后增大,在α=45°时达到最小值。同一角度下,3类节理试样的透射能量比和吸收能量比的大小关系为:石膏节理试样>石灰节理试样>泥沙节理试样,反射能量比的大小关系为:石膏节理试样<石灰节理试样<泥沙节理试样。
(4)在爆破作业中,对于不同类型的节理边坡,建议针对不同的破坏特征做好相应的防护措施,以防引发节理岩体的崩塌和滑移造成次生灾害。选择合适的破岩角度有利于提高效率减少成本,对于含有碎屑、泥屑等物质的节理边坡,破岩角度宜小于45°;而对于含石膏这类胶结性物质的节理边坡,破岩角度宜大于45°,但上述节理边坡的最佳破岩角度均为45°。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42077228; 51374163)
  • 磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金资助(LKF202004)
  • 武汉市城乡建设委员会科技计划项目(武城建[2017]12号-201740; 武城建[2019]68号-201941)
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doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1001-487X.2025.03.006
  • 接收时间:2024-11-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-07
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077228; 51374163)
国家自然科学基金(42077228; 51374163)
the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education(LKF202004)
磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金资助(LKF202004)
the Science and Technology Program of Wuhan Municipal Urban-Rural Development Bureau(武城建[2017]12号-201740; 武城建[2019]68号-201941)
武汉市城乡建设委员会科技计划项目(武城建[2017]12号-201740; 武城建[2019]68号-201941)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430070
    2.武汉工程大学 资源与安全工程学院,武汉 430205
    3.磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心,武汉 430205
    4.中国葛洲坝集团 水泥有限公司,武汉 430073
    5.通号建设集团有限公司 第四分公司,北京 101400

通讯作者:

祝文化(1966-),男,河南信阳人,硕士、副研究员,主要从事岩土工程的教学和科研工作,(E-mail)
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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