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A smart contract is a piece of computer program that runs on the blockchain, which has the characteristics of automatic execution, non-tampering, and publicity. Smart contracts control the flow of large amounts of high-value data, and attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in smart contracts to steal funds or resources. Existing detection methods, such as symbol execution, have problems such as path explosion and high false positive rate, while machine learning methods are black-box and uninterpretable. In order to solve the above problems, an expert mode based on expert mode and explainable machine learning was proposed to detect vulnerabilities in smart contract code, an expert mode for vulnerabilities was designed, and shapley additive explanations (SHAP) was used to explain the weights of multiple features, and the average detection accuracy of four vulnerabilities (re-entrancy vulnerability, timestamp vulnerability, integer overflow vulnerability, and permission control vulnerability) reached 90.36% , which achieved better detection results compared with classic tools such as Oyente and Mythril.
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智能合约是运行在区块链上的一段计算机程序,具有自动执行、不可篡改、公开等特性。智能合约控制大量高价值数据的流动,攻击者可以利用智能合约存在的漏洞窃取资金或资源。现有的检测方法,如符号执行存在路径爆炸、误报率较高等问题,机器学习方法是黑盒的,有不可解释性。针对上述问题,提出了基于专家模式和可解释的机器学习来进行智能合约代码漏洞的检测,设计漏洞的专家模式,使用可解释性机器学习(SHAP)来解释多种特征的权重,针对4种漏洞(重入漏洞、时间戳漏洞、整数溢出漏洞、权限控制漏洞)的平均检测准确率达到了90.36%,和Oyente、Mythril等经典工具相比取得了更好的检测效果。
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检测智能合约漏洞流程图, figureFileSmall=KF593Wf0ktoim/qUnbdjKA==, figureFileBig=wC122CJjj8oq24SUW06v6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251535847598801849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+gX7nUm8QN2SYKksuxItyg==, figureFileBig=tMyYAvbxW7xlJ4o7ZXjU3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251535847728825280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
数据集中各漏洞合约占比, figureFileSmall=+gX7nUm8QN2SYKksuxItyg==, figureFileBig=tMyYAvbxW7xlJ4o7ZXjU3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251535847825294279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=axQfA4BOTk+Ucf/G4bDS9Q==, figureFileBig=bBpqU6klTp7RyhAZtC8Jug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251535848047592399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
各种漏洞的特征权重, figureFileSmall=axQfA4BOTk+Ucf/G4bDS9Q==, figureFileBig=bBpqU6klTp7RyhAZtC8Jug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251535848135672787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 漏洞类别 | 方案 | 精确率 | 误报率 | 漏报率 |
|---|
| 重入漏洞 | Oyente | 74.10 | 13.05 | 30.02 |
| Mythril | 80.43 | 17.93 | 28.54 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 81.57 | 19.17 | 24.42 |
| 笔者方案 | 95.17 | 10.85 | 13.78 |
| 权限控制漏洞 | Mythril | 77.89 | 19.20 | 24.76 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 67.90 | 33.08 | 26.15 |
| TeEher | 82.15 | 23.73 | 8.94 |
| 笔者方案 | 86.52 | 20.04 | 9.86 |
| 时间戳依赖漏洞 | Oyente | 81.04 | 18.15 | 29.23 |
| Mythril | 83.66 | 23.42 | 28.94 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 79.51 | 24.67 | 19.69 |
| 笔者方案 | 90.73 | 9.49 | 12.33 |
| 整数溢出漏洞 | Oyente | 76.74 | 18.96 | 41.73 |
| Mythril | 78.15 | 15.42 | 35.75 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 70.03 | 21.88 | 15.79 |
| 笔者方案 | 89.04 | 16.35 | 20.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251535848227947482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
本方案与其他工具4种漏洞检测效果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 漏洞类别 | 方案 | 精确率 | 误报率 | 漏报率 |
|---|
| 重入漏洞 | Oyente | 74.10 | 13.05 | 30.02 |
| Mythril | 80.43 | 17.93 | 28.54 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 81.57 | 19.17 | 24.42 |
| 笔者方案 | 95.17 | 10.85 | 13.78 |
| 权限控制漏洞 | Mythril | 77.89 | 19.20 | 24.76 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 67.90 | 33.08 | 26.15 |
| TeEher | 82.15 | 23.73 | 8.94 |
| 笔者方案 | 86.52 | 20.04 | 9.86 |
| 时间戳依赖漏洞 | Oyente | 81.04 | 18.15 | 29.23 |
| Mythril | 83.66 | 23.42 | 28.94 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 79.51 | 24.67 | 19.69 |
| 笔者方案 | 90.73 | 9.49 | 12.33 |
| 整数溢出漏洞 | Oyente | 76.74 | 18.96 | 41.73 |
| Mythril | 78.15 | 15.42 | 35.75 |
| GNNSCVulDetector | 70.03 | 21.88 | 15.79 |
| 笔者方案 | 89.04 | 16.35 | 20.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251535848316027874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 漏洞类别 | 方案 | 精确率 | 误报率 | 漏报率 |
|---|
| 重入漏洞 | 大模型 | 68.74 | 21.93 | 33.45 |
| 笔者方案 | 95.17 | 10.85 | 13.78 |
| 权限控制漏洞 | 大模型 | 83.74 | 2.86 | 21.15 |
| 笔者方案 | 86.52 | 20.04 | 9.86 |
| 时间戳依赖漏洞 | 大模型 | 91.11 | 5.31 | 35.40 |
| 笔者方案 | 90.73 | 9.49 | 12.33 |
| 整数溢出漏洞 | 大模型 | 50.94 | 12.40 | 52.36 |
| 笔者方案 | 89.04 | 16.35 | 20.18 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251535848412496877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, articleId=1251535842775351937, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
笔者方案与Meta公司大模型在各漏洞上的检测效果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 漏洞类别 | 方案 | 精确率 | 误报率 | 漏报率 |
|---|
| 重入漏洞 | 大模型 | 68.74 | 21.93 | 33.45 |
| 笔者方案 | 95.17 | 10.85 | 13.78 |
| 权限控制漏洞 | 大模型 | 83.74 | 2.86 | 21.15 |
| 笔者方案 | 86.52 | 20.04 | 9.86 |
| 时间戳依赖漏洞 | 大模型 | 91.11 | 5.31 | 35.40 |
| 笔者方案 | 90.73 | 9.49 | 12.33 |
| 整数溢出漏洞 | 大模型 | 50.94 | 12.40 | 52.36 |
| 笔者方案 | 89.04 | 16.35 | 20.18 |
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