Article(id=1251535841965851214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, issueId=1251535833375912679, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13190/j.jbupt.2024-231, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734883200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776318997135, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776318997135, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776318997135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776318997135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251535833375912679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, year='2025', volume='48', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='172', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776318995087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776389324200, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251830815148163525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, issueId=1251535833375912679, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251830815148163526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, issueId=1251535833375912679, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=91, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251535842230092382, articleId=1251535841965851214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251233871195320423, language=EN, title=A Method to Maximize the Minimum User Rate for Full-Duplex RSMA Systems, columnId=1251535834252522218, journalTitle=Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, columnName=PAPERS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A method is proposed to maximize the minimum user rate for full-duplex (FD) rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) systems. Firstly, the optimization problem of maximizing the minimum user rate in the system is constructed by taking the base station precoding matrix, power allocation, and common rate as optimization parameters, and the user power and rate requirements as constraint conditions. Then, the optimization objective function and the constraints are simplified by introducing slack variables respectively, and the first-order Taylor expansion is used to linearize constraints, so as to transform the non-convex optimization problem into a convex one. Finally, the optimization problem is solved based on iteration and convex (CVX) method. The simulation results show that the minimum user rate increases with the increase of the transmit power of the base station, and the minimum user rate of the proposed scheme is higher than that the existing scheme for the same scenario.

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对于全双工(FD)速率分割多址接入(RSMA)系统,提出了一种最大化最小用户速率的方法。首先,以基站预编码矩阵、功率分配和公共速率分配作为优化参数,以用户功率和速率需求作为约束条件,构建该系统中最大化最小用户速率的优化问题;然后,通过引入松弛变量分别简化优化目标函数和约束条件,并利用1阶泰勒展开对约束条件进行线性近似,从而将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题;最后,基于迭代和凸优化(CVX)方法求解优化问题。仿真结果显示,随着基站发射功率的增加,最小用户速率也随之增加,并且所提方案的最小用户速率高于相同场景中的已有方案。

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田心记(1983—),女,副教授,硕士生导师,邮箱:

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田心记(1983—),女,副教授,硕士生导师,邮箱:

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田心记(1983—),女,副教授,硕士生导师,邮箱:

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全双工RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法
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田心记 1 , 陈龙 1 , 李晓静 2
北京邮电大学学报 | 论文 2025,48(5): 91-97
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北京邮电大学学报 | 论文 2025, 48(5): 91-97
全双工RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法
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田心记1 , 陈龙1, 李晓静2
作者信息
  • 1.河南理工大学 物理与电子信息学院,焦作 454003
  • 2.黄河科技学院 工学部,郑州 454000
  • 田心记(1983—),女,副教授,硕士生导师,邮箱:

A Method to Maximize the Minimum User Rate for Full-Duplex RSMA Systems
Xinji TIAN1 , Long CHEN1, Xiaojing LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Physics and Electronic Information, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
  • 2.Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 454000, China
doi: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2024-231
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对于全双工(FD)速率分割多址接入(RSMA)系统,提出了一种最大化最小用户速率的方法。首先,以基站预编码矩阵、功率分配和公共速率分配作为优化参数,以用户功率和速率需求作为约束条件,构建该系统中最大化最小用户速率的优化问题;然后,通过引入松弛变量分别简化优化目标函数和约束条件,并利用1阶泰勒展开对约束条件进行线性近似,从而将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题;最后,基于迭代和凸优化(CVX)方法求解优化问题。仿真结果显示,随着基站发射功率的增加,最小用户速率也随之增加,并且所提方案的最小用户速率高于相同场景中的已有方案。

速率分割多址接入  /  全双工  /  功率  /  最小用户速率  /  优化

A method is proposed to maximize the minimum user rate for full-duplex (FD) rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) systems. Firstly, the optimization problem of maximizing the minimum user rate in the system is constructed by taking the base station precoding matrix, power allocation, and common rate as optimization parameters, and the user power and rate requirements as constraint conditions. Then, the optimization objective function and the constraints are simplified by introducing slack variables respectively, and the first-order Taylor expansion is used to linearize constraints, so as to transform the non-convex optimization problem into a convex one. Finally, the optimization problem is solved based on iteration and convex (CVX) method. The simulation results show that the minimum user rate increases with the increase of the transmit power of the base station, and the minimum user rate of the proposed scheme is higher than that the existing scheme for the same scenario.

rate-splitting multiple access  /  full-duplex  /  power  /  minimum user rate  /  optimization
田心记, 陈龙, 李晓静. 全双工RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法. 北京邮电大学学报, 2025 , 48 (5) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2024-231
Xinji TIAN, Long CHEN, Xiaojing LI. A Method to Maximize the Minimum User Rate for Full-Duplex RSMA Systems[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2025 , 48 (5) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2024-231
随着无线设备数量的激增,数据流量呈爆炸式增长,因此下一代无线网络必须支持高频谱效率与海量链接[1-2]。作为一种高效的传输框架,速率分割多址接入(RSMA,rate splitting multiple access)能满足快速增长的数据需求,是下一代移动通信的多址方案之一[3-4]。RSMA的基本思想是发射端将每个用户的数据流分为2部分:公共部分和私有部分,并将所有用户的公共部分编码为公共信号,用户接收到信号后首先将其他用户的私有信号视为噪声检测公共信号[5-6],然后从接收信号中消除检测得到的公共信号,最后通过连续干扰消除[7](SIC,successive interference cancellation)检测自身的私有信号。这种干扰管理方式使RSMA获得了更高的频谱效率并具有更高的灵活性[8-9]。RSMA技术还允许多个用户在同一频段上同时进行通信,不但减少了多址干扰,还提高了系统容量[10],特别适用于高密度用户场景,因此RSMA在下一代网络中的应用前景十分广阔[11]
另外,全双工(FD,full-duplex)是一种先进的物理层传输技术,FD技术在同一频段和同一时隙内进行上下行通信,其突破了传统通信方式对时间和频率资源的分割限制,使得在同一频段和时隙内,发射端和接收端可以同时工作[12]。由于发射信号与接收信号共用同一频段,存在自干扰,这是FD通信提出之初所面临的核心挑战之一。目前的信号处理方法已经将自干扰降低到背景噪声水平,从而FD技术能应用于实际系统中[13-14]。与半双工(HD,halfduplex)技术和单工技术相比,FD技术能同时发送信号和接收信号,减少了延迟和等待时间。
RSMA和FD都是未来无线通信的关键技术之一。RSMA可在用户之间有效地分配可用资源,从而提高了系统吞吐量。FD能同时发送信号和接收信号,缩短了数据传输所需的时间。将2种技术相结合可以有效地提高系统性能。为此,学者们对FD模式下的RSMA系统进行了大量研究。FD模式下的RSMA系统分为2类,分别是用户采用FD模式的RSMA系统和基站采用FD模式的RSMA系统。
文献[15-17]研究了用户采用FD模式的RSMA系统中的资源分配方法。Khisa等[15]构建了单用户协作的FD-RSMA系统中最大化最小下行用户速率的优化问题,采用基于逐次凸逼近(SCA,successive convex approximation)的迭代方法联合优化基站功率分配、公共速率分配和协作用户功率。后来,Khisa等[16]又构建了多用户协作的FD-RSMA系统中最大化和速率的优化问题,提出了一种半正交用户选择算法进行用户配对,并采用基于SCA的迭代方法联合优化基站功率分配、公共速率分配、时间分配和协作用户功率。上述研究假定信道状态信息(CSI,channel state information)是完美的,然而在实际系统中CSI不可避免地存在误差,Li等[17]研究了多用户协作的FD-RSMA系统中完美CSI和非完美CSI下最小化功率的方法。
文献[18-20]研究了基站采用FD模式的RSMA系统中的资源分配方法。Allu等[18]首先构建了该系统中最大化频谱效率与能量效率折中的优化问题,然后通过引入权衡参数将多目标优化问题转为单目标优化问题,最后交替优化预编码矩阵、公共速率分配和功率分配。后来,Allu等[19]又研究了不完美CSI下最大化频谱效率与能量效率折中的方法,提出了一种基于迭代的资源分配算法,在每次迭代中使用SCA方法优化预编码矩阵和公共速率分配,使用S-Procedure方法优化功率分配。Allu等[20]首先构建了该系统中最大化和速率的优化问题,然后采用迭代的方法求解该优化问题,在每次迭代过程中分别利用半正定规划法、优化最小化法和内近似法优化预编码矩阵、公共速率分配和功率分配。在实际系统中,既有近距离用户,又有远距离用户,需要保证这些合法用户的公平性。然而,文献[18-20]的优化目标为最大化频谱效率与能量效率的折中或最大化和速率,尚未有文献研究FD-RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法。
在远程医疗中,传输延迟必须控制在几十ms以内;在智能交通中,车辆之间不仅要满足快速传输大量实时路况数据的要求,且车辆间的信息交互需要控制在100ms以内;在车联网场景下,车辆与基础设施、车辆与车辆之间的通信要确保高度可靠,车辆接收交通信号指令的可靠性需达到99.99%以上。在这些应用场景中,网络资源往往是有限的,不同用户对资源的需求存在差异,如果只关注和速率最大化,部分用户的速率可能会被严重挤压,无法满足基本的通信需求。因此提出了FD-RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法,在系统中找到一种资源分配方法,使得在所有用户中速率最小的那个用户的速率达到最大。采取这种方法,能够保证在有限的网络资源下,即使是处于不利通信条件的用户(如信号较弱、干扰较大区域的用户),也能获得一定的数据传输速率,确保每个用户的通信质量,避免出现部分用户因速率过低而无法正常使用服务的情况。首先构建该系统中最大化最小用户速率的优化问题,优化参数为基站预编码矩阵、功率分配和公共速率分配,然后采用SCA方法将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题,最后利用迭代和凸优化(CVX,convex)求解优化问题。仿真结果显示,随着基站发射功率的增加,最小用户速率也随之增加。
考虑如图1所示的FD-RSMA系统,包含1个基站、多个上行用户和多个下行用户。每个用户都配备单根天线,基站配备Nt+ Nr根天线,Nt根发射天线服务下行用户,Nr根接收天线服务上行用户。基站使用RSMA方式发送原始消息,即将原始消息分为公共信号和私有信号发送给下行用户,且基站采用FD模式,即基站在发送信号给下行用户的同时接收上行用户的发送信号。
假设共有K个下行用户和L个上行用户,下行用户和上行用户的集合分别表示为K≜{1,2,…,K}和L≜{1,2,…,L}。假设为基站到第k个下行用户的信道,kK为第l个上行用户到基站的信道,lLhk,l∈ℂ为第k个下行用户和第l个上行用户之间的信道,G为基站处的自干扰信道。
MDL≜{,…,}表示基站发送给下行用户的原始消息,其中是第k个下行用户的期望接收信号。基站以RSMA方式发送原始消息,即将原始消息分为2部分,分别是公共信号∈ℂ和私有信号∈ℂ,其中 =1且 =1。基站将所有用户的公共信号编码为,同时将第k个下行用户的私有信号编码为。基站发送给下行用户的信号表示为
其中:wc为公共信号的预编码向量,wk为私有信号的预编码向量,∀k∈K。
l个上行用户将其原始消息分为2部分,分别是,满足 = 1,∀jJ≜{1,2},∀lL,然后分别将其编码为。第l个上行用户发送给基站的信号表示为
其中pl,j是分配给第l个上行用户的第j个子消息的功率。
k个下行用户的接收信号表示为
其中:nk是均值为零且方差为的复高斯白噪声。下行用户的接收信号由基站的发送信号、上行用户的发送信号和高斯白噪声组成。
基站的接收信号表示为
其中:zl是基站的接收波束成形向量,nB是均值为零且方差为的复高斯白噪声。基站的接收信号包含上行用户的发送信号、基站的自干扰信号和高斯白噪声。
下行用户首先解码基站发送的公共信号,此时的干扰为基站发送给下行用户的私有信号、上行用户的发送信号和高斯白噪声,因此第k个下行用户解码公共信号的信干噪比为
k个下行用户接收到的公共信号的可达速率为
表示公共速率,为保证所有下行用户都能成功解码公共信号,应该取所有下行用户的公共速率的最小值,即
下行用户在成功解码公共信号后,首先从接收信号中消除解码得到的公共信号,然后解码自身的私有信号。在解码私有信号时,将其他用户的私有信号和上行用户的发送信号都视为干扰,因此第k个下行用户解码私有信号时的信干噪比为
k个下行用户接收到的私有信号的可达速率为
k个下行用户接收到的公共信号与私有信号的速率之和为
其中:为第k个下行用户的公共速率,且
上行用户将其消息分为2部分进行发送。基站基于预定义的顺序,采用SIC的方法解码所有子消息。此处,采用与文献[20]相同的解码顺序F如下:
基站检测第l个上行用户的第j个子消息时的信干噪比为
其中:Ql,j是解码顺序高于的所有消息组成的集合,为基站的剩余自干扰,ω是剩余自干扰系数。
l个上行用户的速率表示为
本节建立了最大化最小用户速率的优化问题,优化参数为基站的预编码矩阵W≜{wcwk,∀kK}、上行用户的功率分配p≜{pl,j,∀lL,∀jJ}和下行用户公共速率分配c≜{Ck,∀kK},约束条件为用户的速率需求和功率限制。该优化问题表述为
其中:是基站的最大发射功率,是第k个下行用户所需的最低速率,是第l个上行用户的最大发射功率,是第l个上行用户所需的最低速率。式(14b)和式(14g)为功率约束,表示基站和上行用户的发射功率的限制,对应了实际通信系统中对发射功率的物理限制;式(14c)和式(14d)为RSMA的公共流约束,对应了实际通信系统中用户需成功解码公共流且速率不高于系统限制速率;式(14e)和式(14f)分别为下行用户与上行用户的最小速率限制,对应了实际通信系统中用户对于最小通信速率的需求,确保每个用户都能正常通信。
上述优化问题难以求解,为此简化该优化问题后再进行求解。
式(14a)中的优化目标函数是非凸的,约束条件式(14c)、式(14e)和式(14f)也是非凸的,本节采用SCA方法将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题,并求解优化问题。
首先引入松弛变量对式(14a)、式(14c)、式(14e)和式(14f)进行简化。令α ={αc,kαp,kαl,j|∀kKlL}且ρ ={ρc,kρp,kρl,j|,∀kKlL},则式(14c)、式(14e)和式(14f)可以转化为
将式(5)、式(8)和式(12)带入式(15d)和式(15e),则原优化问题可以转化为
式(16b)-(16d)仍为非凸约束,该优化问题仍然是非凸的。引入松弛变量β ={βc,kβp,kβl,j}并放宽式(16b)-(16d)的分母,可得
松弛变量β = {βc,kβp,kβl,j}与式(16b)-(16d)的分母满足
为了将非凸约束重构为凸约束,对式(17a)-(17c)采用1阶泰勒展开,如式(18a)-(18c)所示:
引入变量t,基于式(18a)-(18c)和第n-1次迭代求得的解,得到第n次迭代需要求解的优化问题,如式(19)所示:
式(19)中的优化问题是凸的,可采用CVX方法求解。所提出的基于SCA的算法总结为算法1。
算法1 基于SCA算法
输入:初始化n = 0,p[0]W[0]α[0]β[0]ρ[0],最优目标值t[0]和收敛阈值ε
·while
·n =n +1
·将p[n-1]W[n-1]α[n-1]β[n-1]ρ[n-1]代入式(19)中的优化问题,求解该优化问题,得到的解用p*W*α*β*ρ*t*表示
·令p[n] =p*W[n] =W*α[n] =α*β[n] =β*ρ[n] =ρ*t[n] =t*
·until t[n] -t[n]ε
输出:p*W*α*β*ρ*t*
在每次迭代中,将前1次迭代得到的解(p[n-1]W[n-1]α[n-1]β[n-1]ρ[n-1])作为优化问题的输入参数求解该优化问题,直到目标函数收敛至预设的阈值。
算法1的第n次迭代过程中,将第n-1次迭代求得的解代入式(19)中的优化问题,并求解该优化问题,得到的t[n]一定大于上次迭代得到的t[n-1],又因为优化目标函数受到发射功率的约束,所以优化目标函数单调递增并且收敛。
本节仿真了所提方案的最小用户速率,文献[20]与本方案的模型相同,但使用半正定规划法进行优化,为了验证所提方案在最大化最小用户速率方面的优越性,与文献[20]方案作比较。仿真中设置1个多天线基站,配备Nt根发射天线,Nr根接收天线,设置K个下行用户和L个上行用户,所有用户均设置为单天线,在未作特殊说明情况下Nt= 3,Nr=2,K =4,L =2,剩余自干扰系数ω =0.05,基站功率Pmax=20dBm,上行用户功率PUL =2dBm。所有信道均为随机生成的服从复高斯分布信道,基站处噪声设置为 = -110dBm,用户处噪声设置为= -110dBm。
图2给出了所提方案与文献[20]方案的迭代次数与最小用户速率的关系。从图2中可以看出,优化目标函数收敛时,文献[20]和所提方案分别需要14次迭代和7次迭代,即所提方案的收敛速度较快。
图3给出了基站发射功率改变时系统的最小用户速率,其中PUL =2dBm。从图3中可以看出,随着基站发射功率的增加,系统的最小用户速率呈增长趋势,这说明基站发射功率的增加可以提升系统性能。这是因为,随着基站发射功率的增加,每个下行用户分配到的功率也随之增加,从而提高了系统的最小用户速率。从图3中还可以看出,所提方案的最小用户速率高于文献[20],这是因为所提方案的优化目标是最大化最小用户速率,而文献[20]的优化目标是最大化和速率。此外,FD模式下所提方案和文献[20]的最小用户速率都高于HD模式下的最小用户速率,这是因为FD模式能够双向传输数据,而HD模式只能单向传输上行用户的数据或下行用户的数据。
图4给出了上行用户的发射功率改变时2种方案的最小用户速率,其中基站发射功率Pmax= 20dBm。从图4中可以看出,所提方案的最小用户速率高于文献[20],并且随着上行用户发射功率的增加,系统的最小用户速率增长得非常缓慢,即上行用户功率的增加对系统的最小用户速率的提升几乎可以忽略不计。这是因为,上行用户的功率较低,自干扰对上行用户速率的不利影响高于上行用户发射功率的增加对速率的提升。
图5给出了基站处剩余自干扰系数ω对系统的最小用户速率的影响。从图5中可以看出,随着ω的增加,FD模式下的最小用户速率逐渐减小,而HD模式下的最小用户速率保持不变。这是因为,ω越大,FD模式下基站接收到的干扰信号越强,从而减小了上行用户的速率,而HD模式下单向收发信号,不受自干扰的影响。
图6给出了用户数改变时系统的最小用户速率。从图6中可以看出,随着用户数的增加,系统的最小用户速率呈减少趋势。这是因为,基站的总功率保持不变时,用户数越多,每个用户分配到的功率越少,从而越小的用户速率越低。
图7给出了基站天线数量改变时系统的最小用户速率。从图7中可以看出,随着基站天线数量的增加,系统的最小用户速率呈增长趋势。这是因为,基站天线数量的增加会带来更多的分集增益,从而增强了接收信号的强度,提高了最小用户速率。
提出了全双工RSMA系统中最大化最小用户速率的方法,首先构建了最大化最小用户速率的优化问题,然后利用SCA方法将非凸优化问题转化为凸优化问题,最后采用迭代和CVX方法求解优化问题。仿真结果显示,随着基站发射功率的增加,系统的最小用户速率也随之增加,并且基站的发射功率对最小用户速率的影响较大,而上行用户的发射功率对最小用户速率的影响较小。然而,所提方案假设CSI是完美的,如何在不完美CSI下最大化最小用户速率有待于研究。
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2025年第48卷第5期
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doi: 10.13190/j.jbupt.2024-231
  • 接收时间:2024-12-23
  • 首发时间:2026-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23
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    1.河南理工大学 物理与电子信息学院,焦作 454003
    2.黄河科技学院 工学部,郑州 454000
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