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In the field of Internet of things (IoT) intrusion detection, federated learning has become an effective solution for implementing model weight integration updates. This distributed learning method allows devices to train models locally and transmit updated parameters to a central server for aggregation. However, existing intrusion detection methods based on federated learning still have limitations. In scenarios with non-independent and identically distributed data and heterogeneous client models, the intrusion detection performance of the global model will be severely affected. The significant communication overhead caused by simultaneously transmitting model parameters also hinders the actual deployment of federated learning schemes. To address the aforementioned issues, an efficient IoT intrusion detection method based on semi supervised federated learning is proposed. By utilizing unlabeled public data to enhance the model's understanding of the data, the performance of the client classifier is continuously improved. At the same time, a discriminator module is added to improve the quality of the client's predicted labels, and the combination of hard label strategy and voting mechanism effectively reduces communication overhead. The experimental results show that an accuracy of 86.97% is achieved in non-independent and identically distributed data and heterogeneous client model scenarios, which is superior to typical federated learning methods and achieves lower communication overhead.
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在物联网(IoT)入侵检测领域中,联邦学习已成为实现模型权重集成更新的有效解决方案。这种分布式学习方法允许设备在本地训练模型,并将更新后的参数传输到中央服务器进行聚合。然而,现有基于联邦学习的入侵检测方法仍然存在局限性,在非独立同分布的数据及客户端模型异构的场景下,全局模型的入侵检测性能会受到严重影响。同时,传输模型参数导致的大量通信开销也阻碍了联邦学习方案的实际部署。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于半监督联邦学习的高效物联网入侵检测方法。通过利用未标记的公开数据增强模型对数据的理解能力,不断提高客户端分类器的性能,同时加入鉴别器模块提高客户端预测标签的质量,并通过硬标签策略和投票机制的结合有效降低通信开销。实验结果表明,在非独立同分布数据和客户端模型异构场景下,实现了86.97%的准确率,优于典型的联邦学习方法,同时实现了更低的通信开销。
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| 层 | 单元 | 输出大小 |
|---|
| 输入层 | 输入 | (80,23,5) |
| 卷积层1~4 | 1维卷积层(64,3,1) | (80,64,5) |
| 卷积层5~6 | 1维卷积层(128,3,1) | (80,128,5) |
| 卷积层7 | 1维卷积层(128,3,2) | (80,128,3) |
| 卷积层8 | 1维卷积层(128,3,2) | (80,128,2) |
| 全连接层 | 线性层 | (80,128) |
| 输出层 | 输出 | (80,11/2) |
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基于卷积神经网络的检测模型
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| 层 | 单元 | 输出大小 |
|---|
| 输入层 | 输入 | (80,23,5) |
| 卷积层1~4 | 1维卷积层(64,3,1) | (80,64,5) |
| 卷积层5~6 | 1维卷积层(128,3,1) | (80,128,5) |
| 卷积层7 | 1维卷积层(128,3,2) | (80,128,3) |
| 卷积层8 | 1维卷积层(128,3,2) | (80,128,2) |
| 全连接层 | 线性层 | (80,128) |
| 输出层 | 输出 | (80,11/2) |
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| 方法 | 准确率 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1值 |
|---|
| FedAvg | 79.21 | 78.13 | 76.26 | 77.18 |
| FD | 47.84 | 44.25 | 45.57 | 44.90 |
| DSFL | 59.28 | 62.98 | 61.42 | 62.19 |
| 笔者方法 | 86.97 | 88.24 | 84.31 | 86.23 |
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| 方法 | 准确率 | 精确率 | 召回率 | F1值 |
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| FedAvg | 79.21 | 78.13 | 76.26 | 77.18 |
| FD | 47.84 | 44.25 | 45.57 | 44.90 |
| DSFL | 59.28 | 62.98 | 61.42 | 62.19 |
| 笔者方法 | 86.97 | 88.24 | 84.31 | 86.23 |
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| 方法 | 不同通信轮数下的AAccuracy |
|---|
| 10 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 |
|---|
| FedAvg | 15.27 | 26.22 | 38.47 | 47.85 | 56.26 |
| FD | 45.74 | 46.35 | 47.21 | 47.84 | 47.84 |
| DSFL | 47.76 | 59.28 | 59.28 | 59.28 | 59.28 |
| 笔者方法 | 74.25 | 82.84 | 85.21 | 86.63 | 86.97 |
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不同方法在不同通信轮数下准确率比较
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| 方法 | 不同通信轮数下的AAccuracy |
|---|
| 10 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 |
|---|
| FedAvg | 15.27 | 26.22 | 38.47 | 47.85 | 56.26 |
| FD | 45.74 | 46.35 | 47.21 | 47.84 | 47.84 |
| DSFL | 47.76 | 59.28 | 59.28 | 59.28 | 59.28 |
| 笔者方法 | 74.25 | 82.84 | 85.21 | 86.63 | 86.97 |
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| 方法 | C@Do | 通信开销/MB@AAccuracy/% |
|---|
| C@50 | C@75 | C@Top-Acc | Top-Acc |
|---|
| FedAvg | — | 137.00 | 772.00 | 1353.00 | 79.21 |
| FD | — | — | — | 0.04 | 47.84 |
| DSFL | 1.20 | 17.30 | — | 22.60 | 59.28 |
| 笔者方法 | 1.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 86.97 |
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| 方法 | C@Do | 通信开销/MB@AAccuracy/% |
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| C@50 | C@75 | C@Top-Acc | Top-Acc |
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| FedAvg | — | 137.00 | 772.00 | 1353.00 | 79.21 |
| FD | — | — | — | 0.04 | 47.84 |
| DSFL | 1.20 | 17.30 | — | 22.60 | 59.28 |
| 笔者方法 | 1.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 | 86.97 |
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